How the notion of swaraj was …

Swaraj meant different things to different people.

1)  Middle classes in cities- For the middle classes in cities, the call of Swaraj led to boycott of government institutions. In towns, the movement was relatively peaceful. Students, teachers and headmasters left schools and colleges while lawyers quit their legal practices. The council elections were boycotted in most provinces. Foreign goods and clothes were boycotted and burnt, while liquor shops were picketed. Swaraj, in this sense, meant economic independence. The businessmen also refused to sell foreign goods. However, the movement slowed down gradually due to lack of alternatives.

2)  For the peasants and tribals, Swaraj meant not only freedom from British rule, but also from exploitation at the hands of landlords. Peasants were charged exorbitant rent and were forced into bonded labour. Hence they organised themselves and demanded the reduction of revenue and abolition of beggar or bonded labour. In the countryside, the movement often showed streaks of violence, with houses of merchants being attacked. The tribals began guerilla resistance movements as they had been deprived of access to forest and its resources. These movements did not entirely follow the path of Congress. However, they were an integral part of the national struggle, giving it much needed strength.

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