How to name an organic compound

Prefix (alphabetically) root word (alk) primary suffix (ene, yne) secondary suffix (main functional group)

So IUPAC name of any organic compounds essentially consists of two or three parts.

(i)   Root word        (ii)   Suffix         (iii)  Prefix

(i) Root Words

The basic unit is a series of root words which indicate linear or continuous chains of carbon atoms. Chains containing one to four carbon atoms are known by special root words while chains from C5 onwards are known by Greek number roots.

In general, the root word for any carbon chain in alk-.

(ii) Primary Suffix

Primary suffix are added to the root words to show saturation or unsaturation in a carbon chain.

(iii) Secondary Suffixes

Suffixes added after the primary suffix to indicate the presence of a particular functional group in the carbon chain are known as secondary suffixes.