Descibe beriefly about unification of italy.

Unification of Italy :
Italy had a long history of political fragmentation. Italian were scattered over sevaral dynastic states as well as the multinational habsburg Empire . During the middle of the 19th century Italy was divided into seven state of which only sardinia piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house. 

The unification process was led by three revolutionary -Giuseppe mazzini, count camillo de cavour and Giuseppe garibaldi.

As early as 1830s, Giuseppe mazzini sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian repulic.he organised a secret society called Young Italy.

With the failure of revolutionary uprising both in 18 31 and 1848,the responsibility fell on Sardinia piedmont under its rular king Victor Emmanuell 2 to unify the Italian states through war.

Cavour the chief minister of King victor Emmanuell 2, through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France,and by defeating Austrian forces in 1859,acquired the north under Austrian habsburgs.

Giuseppe Garibaldi,hero of red shirts with armed volunteers, acquired the southern Kingdom of Italy And two sicilies by driving out the Spanish rulers in the famous expedition of the Thousand south Italy 

In 1861,the first Italian parliament representing whole of Italy except venetia and the papal city of Rome formally conferred on victor Emmanuell the title of King of Italy 

venetia and Rome were added in 1866 and the 1870
Unification of Germany :

the frankfurt parliament failed in its purpose of unification of Germany under the leadership of King Wilhelm IV of purssia.but from then on purssia took on the leadership of the movement for national unification 

it's chief minister, otto von bismarck was the architect of the process . he carried out the movement for national unification with the help of the prussian army and bureaucracy 

Bismarck followed a policy of blood and iron to fulfil his object of unifying germany three war fought over the seven year 
On January 18,1871 in the Royal palace of versailles the hall of mirror the king of purssia kaiser William I was crowned as the german emperor.