What changes affected the pattern of …

By the first decade of the 20th century, a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialization in India. These are explained in the following points:

1. Effect of Swadeshi and Boycott Movement: As the swadeshi movement gathered momentum, nationalists mobilised people to boycott foreign cloth. Industrial groups organised themselves to protect their collective interests, pressurising the government to increase tariff protection and grant other concessions.
2. Aim of industrial groups: Industrial groups organized themselves to protect their collective interests. They pressurized the government to increase tariff protection and grant other concessions.
3. Decline of exports to China: From 1906, the export of Indian yarn to China declined as produce from Chinese and Japanese mills flooded the Chinese markets. Thus, the industrialist in India began shifting from yarn to cloth production. Cotton goods production in India doubled between 1900 and 1912.
4. Result of First World War: Till the First World War, industrial growth was slow. The war created a dramatically new situation. With British mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the army, Manchester imports into India declined. Suddenly, Indian mills had a vast home market to supply. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs: jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles and a host of other items. New factories were set up and old ones ran multiple shifts. Many new workers were employed and everyone was made to work longer hours. Over the war years, industrial production boomed.