What was Gandhi–Irwin pact?

March 5, 1931, between <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mahatma-Gandhi">Mohandas K. Gandhi</a>, leader of the Indian nationalist movement, and Lord Irwin (later Lord (<a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Montagu-Dunk-2nd-earl-of-Halifax">Halifax</a>), British viceroy (1926–31) of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/India">India</a>. It marked the end of a period of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/civil-disobedience">civil disobedience</a> (<a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/satyagraha-philosophy">satyagraha</a>) in India against British rule that Gandhi and his followers had initiated with the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Salt-March">Salt March</a> (March–April 1930). Gandhi’s arrest and imprisonment at the end of the march, for illegally making salt, sparked one of his more effective civil disobedience movements. By the end of 1930, tens of thousands of Indians were in jail (including the then future Indian <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/prime-minister">prime minister</a> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jawaharlal-Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>), the movement had generated worldwide publicity, and Irwin was looking for a way to end it. Gandhi was released from custody in January 1931, and the two men began negotiating the terms of the pact. In the end, Gandhi pledged to give up the satyagraha campaign, and Irwin agreed to release those who had been imprisoned during it and to allow Indians to make salt for domestic use. Later that year Gandhi attended the second session (September–December) of the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Round-Table-Conference">Round Table Conference</a>in <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/London">London</a>.