Discuss the development in sculpture and …

Vaishnavism was a form of Hinduism. It believed in the worship of Vishnu as the principal deity. Similary Shaivism is a tradition of Hinduism in which Shiva is regarded as the chief god. In such worship, the emphasis was laid on Bhakti, that is, the bond between the devotee and the god was one of love and devotion.
Architecture: When the Stupas at Sanchi developed, the temples also came into existence. These temples were built to house images of gods and goddesses. The early temple was a small square room. It was called the garbhagriha. It had a single door-way from which the worshipper entered to worship the idol. Slowly and steadily a tall structure was built on the garbhagriha. It was known as the Shikhara. The walls of these temples were decorated with sculpture. But the later temples had an elaborate structure. They had assembly halls, huge walls, big gateways and arrangements for the supply of water.
Most of these temples were carved out of huge rocks. The tradition of building artificial caves was quite old. In the 3rd century BCE, many such caves were built for those who renounced the world and for those who belonged to the Ajivika sect, on the orders of king Asoka. This tradition continued developing. Its most developed form can be seen in the Kailashnatha Temple of the 8th century. It was carved out of the single piece of rock. A copper plate inscriptions showed the amazement of the chief sculptor when he completed the temple at Ellora. He expressed his wonder saying: “Oh how did I make it!”
Sculpture: Many avatars have been shown as idols. Such idols have also been made of other gods. Shiva has been shown in the lingum form. But in many other images, Shiva has been shown in the human form. All these images were based on the depiction of gods. Many sculptures of gods and goddesses were grotesque figures as they had multiple arms and hands. They had also combination of human and animal forms.