Land revenue system in mughal empire …

kbar was a great and able ruler. He laid special emphasis on land revenue system. For this purpose he followed the policy initiated by Sher Shah Suri. But this policy had certain defects in it. That’s why Akbar began works from the start. Main features of his land revenue system are given below:
(i)    Following policy initiated by Sher Shah : In the beginning, Akbar followed the policy of land revenue initiated by Sher Shah. During the reign of Sher Shah, average value was determined by measuring agricultural land. It was determined on the average production of produce. Later on Akbar felt that it needed a lot of time to fix market price. It was also a cause of worry for peasants. That’s why Akbar again started policy of yearly assumption.
Determination of Tax : Akbar followed following policies for fixing land revenue:
(a)    Zabti System : This policy was the creation of Raja Todar Mal. Under this system of revenue, tax was fixed by measuring the land. This system was implemented in Gujarat, Lahore, Malwa, Allahabad etc.
(b)    Ten Years System : This system was a developed form of Zabti system. According to this, average of last ten years of production of crops and their value was taken out. One third of that average produce was taken as revenue. This revenue could have been taken in the form of cash or produce.
(c) Batai or Galla Bakshi System: In this system whole of the total produce was divided in the definite proportion among peasant and the state. Honest officials were required for the success of this system.
(d) Nasak or Kankut System : Record of agriculture tax was kept in this system.
(ii)    Measurement of Land : During the reign of Akbar, land was measured with a proper method. With this state the peasant came to know about how much they will have to pay and how much revenue will be collected for the state.
(iii)    Keeping in mind the fertility of the soil : Fertility of the soil was always kept in mind while determining land revenue. That land was called as ‘Polaj’ which was cultivated every year and that land was called as ‘Parauti’ which was not cultivated every year. All in all tax was fixed on the basis of the fertility and the produce.
(v) Facilities of Peasants : Special facilities were also given to peasants in case of famine or drought. They were given certain facilities in paying taxes in case of natural calamity. They were also given loans for tools, implements and animals.