What does the ,chal mean in …

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What does the ,chal mean in Mumbai who lived there mention three characterise of chal due to which the live of the inhabitants of the country become hell

Posted by Mahi Choudhary 6 years, 8 months ago

CBSE > Class 10 > Social Science

2 answers

Saumya Verma 6 years, 8 months ago

Chawls were the multistoreyed structures where the natives lived in the pathetic condition. 1.Chawls had limited space and there lived many in one room that also lead to suffocation. 2.There were no separate toilets instead each floor had a single toilet. 3.Except limited space there were also water crisis which lead to many problems such as disruption in performing household activities. 4.Also people living there coukd not open the windows even in humid conditions because of the smell of the filthy gutters.

2Thank You

Gaurav Seth 6 years, 8 months ago

(i) Chawls were multi storeyed structure had been built from atleast the 1860s in the native parts of the town.
(ii) Like the tenements in London, these houses were largely owned by private landlords, such as merchants, bankers, and building contractors, looking for quick ways of earning money from anxious migrants.
(iii) Each chawl was divided into smaller one- room tenements which had no private toilet
(iv) There was an open, space in the middle of chawls for social and cultural gatherings.
(v) People who belonged to the ‘depressed classes’ found it even more difficult to find housing. Lower castes were kept out of many chawls and often had to live in shelters made of corrugated sheets, leaves, or bamboo poles.

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