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Enzymes as Drug Targets: The catalytic function of an enzyme can be explained with the help of its properties. Enzymes have active sites which provide a binding site for the substrates where it is attacked by the reagent. Additionally, enzymes offer functional groups that will attack the substrate necessary for the chemical reactions.A drug-enzyme interaction will interrupt this catalytic action and such drugs are called enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme inhibitor drug can accomplish this by interfering with the active site of the enzyme. There are two types of inhibitor drugs- competitive inhibitors and non-competitive inhibitors.

Receptors as Drug Targets: Receptors are proteinaceous compounds which help in the cell-to-cell communication in the body. These are present on the cell membranes which act as a mediator between inside and outside world of the cell.  They receive the messages (chemical messages) from the neurons through messengers. The binding of this messenger will alter the shape of the receptors which help to transfer message inside the cell. Receptors are specific i.e., every chemical messenger will not be accommodated on every receptor. Drug-receptor interaction also follows the same working principle. Drugs will block the binding site and thus block the messages to the cell. A drug that inhibits the receptor activity is called antagonist.