What are the factors responsible for …

Factors responsible for the distribution of population of India can be enlisted as follows:
1.Geographical factor – Mountains deserts (both cold and hot) or swampy areas have low population density while low-lying plain areas have high population density.
Example: Almost half of India’s population lives in just five states. These are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, WestBengal, and Andhra Pradesh while Ladakh and Rajasthan are sparsely populated areas.

2.Climate – Places having extreme climates are low populated areas while places having moderate climates are high populated areas.
3.Job opportunities - Metro cities and capital cities are densely populated regions due to employment and infrastructure.
4.Population from rural areas is migrating towards urban areas. Thus there is population increase in urban areas and decrease in rural areas.
5.Transportation – Transportation and communication provides better chances of economic growth and therefore places having good transportation and communication facilities are more populated than other areas.