Short note on unification of Italy, …

German Unification :The events leading up to the establishment of the German Empire in 1871. In 1815, at the end of the Napoleonic wars, the Congress of Vienna (1814–15) created a German confederation of 39 states in the geographical area known as Germany (formerly a region divided into hundreds of German states). Its organization gave Austria and Prussia, the largest German states, joint influence over the affairs of the confederation, although Austria was its nominal leader. The movement towards German unification was slow until the 1850s. The idea was popular with German nationalists and liberals, but opposed by their state governments. However, in the 1860s unification was taken up by an increasingly powerful Prussia and its chancellor, Otto von Bismarck. By 1871 only two German states existed – Austria and Germany; the states of Germany had been effectively taken over by Prussia, and were now united under the German Empire.
Unification of Italy: Unification of Italy took place in 1871. This process was under the leadership of the King and Chancellor of Piedmont--Sardinia. The unification process was also marked by wars against Austria. Unification was complete when the Pope lost power over Rome and the Papal states.

 Unification of Britian: Unification of Britian took place in 1707 when the kingdoms of England and Scotland formed an union. These kingdoms were earlier separate although they were ruled by the same monarch from London. With the 1707 alliance, Britain became a united political system.