Difference between n-type or p-type semiconductor

Difference Between p-Type and n-Type Semiconductor

1. In a p-type semiconductor, the III group element of the periodic table is added as a doping element, whereas in n-type the V group element is the doping element.
2. Trivalent impurity like Aluminium, Gallium, and Indium is added in the p-type semiconductor, while in the n-type semiconductor Pentavalent impurity like Arsenic, Antimony, Phosphorus, Bismuth, etc. are added.
3. The impurity added in p-type semiconductor provides extra holes known as Acceptor atom, whereas in n-type semiconductor impurity provides extra electrons and termed as Donor atom.
4. In a p-type semiconductor, the majority carriers are holes, and the minority carriers are electrons. In the n-type semiconductor, electrons are majority carriers, and holes are minority carriers.
5. The electron density is much greater than the hole density in the n-type semiconductor denoted as n_e >> n_h whereas, in p-type semiconductor the hole density is much greater than the electron density n_h >> n_e.
6. In an n-type semiconductor, the donor energy level is close to the conduction band and away from the valence band. In the p-type semiconductor, the acceptor energy level is close to the valence band and away from the conduction band.
7. The Fermi level of the n-type semiconductor lies between the donor energy level and the conduction band while the Fermi level of the p-type semiconductor lies between the acceptor energy level and the valence band.
8. Majority carriers move from higher to lower potential in p-type whereas, in n-type, the majority carriers move from lower to higher potential.