Difference between potential difference & e.m.f …

Key Differences between Electromotive Force and Potential Difference.

1. The electromotive force is the measure of energy that it gives to each coulomb of charge, whereas the potential difference is the amount of energy used by the one coulomb of charge.
2. The electromotive force is represented by the symbol ε whereas the symbol V represents the potential difference.
3. The electromotive force does not depend on the internal resistance of the circuit whereas the potential difference is directly proportional to the resistance of the circuit.
4. The electromotive force transfers the energy in the whole of the circuit. The potential difference is the measure of energy between any two points on the circuit.
5. The magnitude of the electromotive force is always greater than the potential difference when the circuit is unchanged but when the circuit is fully charged the magnitude of the potential difference is equal to the emf of the circuit.
6. The magnitude of emf has always remained constant, whereas the magnitude of the potential difference varies.
7. The electromotive force is the cause of the potential difference, whereas the potential difference is the effect of the potential difference.
8. The emf force exists in the circuit even when the current does not flow in the circuit whereas the potential difference does not exist in the circuit when the magnitude of current remain zero.
9. The  EMF is the maximum voltage that the battery can deliver whereas the magnitude of the potential difference is always less than the maximum possible value of emf.
10. The emf force gains the electrical energy in the circuit whereas the potential difference loss the electrical energy in the circuit.
11. The electromotive force is induced in the electric, magnetic and gravitational field, whereas the potential difference is generated only in an electric field.
12. The emf meter is used for measuring the electromotive force, whereas the voltmeter is used for measuring the potential difference.