Notes of chapter 4 Physical Education …

CBSE Class 12 Physical Education

Revision Notes

UNIT - 4 Physical Education & Sports for Differently-Abled

• Concept of Disability: Disability is an impairment that may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physical etc. It affects the everyday activities of the individual to a considerable amount. It may be present in an individual from birth or occur during one’s lifetime. Disability has different meanings in different societies of the world. Disability is an injury that restricts the functions or movements of an individual. It is the consequence of an impairment caused to an individual. Disability is a medical condition which does not permit an individual to perform any activity or movement in a normal way.


• Concept of Disorder: Disorder is usually used for mental disabilities. Disorder is any ailment that disturbs the health of an individual. Disorder creates hindrance in an individual’s performance and reduces his efficiency. In the beginning disorder seems to be ordinary but they usually grow or spread in a harmful manner in an individual. Most probably, a disorder can not be detected on time, as a result of which, a simple disorder is changed into a disability. A disorder disrupts the normal functioning of an individual.


• Types of disability
  
  Cognitive Disability: It is a neurological disorder that creates hindrances or obstruction for an individual to store, process and produce information. This ability can affect an individual’s ability or capability to read, compute, speak and write.
  
  The individual’s, who have this type of disability, usually have following symptoms:
  
  
  
  1. Memory disorder: An individual who has auditory problems or difficulty in remembering something that he heard, said or saw before sometime.
  
  
  2. Hyperactivity: An individual with cognitive disability may not have attention for a long period. He finds it difficult to stay at one place.
  
  
  3. Dyslexia: An individual with cognitive disability may exhibit dyslexia. It means he may have difficulty in writing, reading, speaking, etc.
  
  
  
  


• Intellectual disability: It is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills. Indeed, this disability is related to the individual’s thought process, communication, money, learning, problem solving and judgment.


• Physical disability: it is a limitation on individual’s physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina. Other impairments such as respiratory disorders, blindness, epilepsy and steep disorders, which limit other facets of daily living are also included in physical disabilities. Physical disability may either be motor deficiency or sensory impairment.


• Causes of disability
  
  
  
  1. Genetic cause: Abnormalities in genes and genetic inheritance cause intellectual disability in children. Sometimes, diseases, illness and over exposure to x-rays may cause genetic disorder.
  
  
  2. Mental health problems: problems such as depression, bipolar disorder etc. may lead to disability. They tend to be some of the most misunderstood disabilities.
  
  
  3. Accidents: Accidents may occur anywhere, anytime and to anyone. These accidents may happen at workplace, on the roads or in the air. These accidents may lead to disability.
  
  
  
  


• Types of disorders
  
  
  
  1. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
  
  
  2. Sensory processing disorder (SPD)
  
  
  3. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
  
  
  4. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
  
  
  5. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OSD)