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Gaurav Seth 7 years ago
Three factors for the need of modulating a message signal:
a) Size of the antenna or aerial should be
/4.
b) Effective power radiated by an antenna should be close to 
c) Interference of signals from different transmitters. In order to avoid the interference of the signals, high frequency is required which can be acquired by modulation.

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Gaurav Seth 7 years ago
Principle of cyclotron :
The working of the cyclotron is that a positively charged particle can be accelerated to sufficiently high energy using smaller oscillating electric field by making the cyclotron cross the same elctric field time and again by magnetic field.

Working of cyclotron:
1.The positive ion which is to be accelerated is bought at a point in between D1 and D2. Suppose, D1is at a negative potential and D2 is at a positive potential. Hence, the ion will be accelerated towards D1.
2. The ion will be in a free space once it enters D1 and therefore, it moves with a constant speed say, v.
3. A perpendicular magnetic field B is applied. So, the ion will undergo a circular path of radius r in D1 .
The circular path is given by,
where, m is the mass of ion and,
q is the charge on ion.
4. Now, time taken by an ion to describe a semicircular path is given by,
t =
5. If, this time during which the positive ion describes a semi-circular path is the time during which half-cycle of electric oscillator is completed, then as the ion arrives in the gap between the two dees, polarity of the two dees gets reversed. Consequently, positive ion is accelerated towards D2 and the ion enters D2 with greater speed which will remain constant in D2.
6. Ion will describe a semicircular path of greater radius due to perpendicular magnetic field and will again arrive in a gap between the two dees exactly at that instant when, the polarity of two dees is reversed.
7. Thus, positive ion will keep on accelerating everytime it comes into the gap between the dees and will describe a circular path of greater and greater radius henceforth, acquiring sufficiently high kinetic energy.
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Aayushi Srivastava 7 years ago
2Thank You