Motor development refers to the development of general body control, fine motor skills and large muscle movements.  There are three stages of motor development in children as given below infancy or infancy hood, early childhood & later childhood

It is of two types:

1. Gross motor development involves the development of large muscles in the child‘s body such as sitting, walking, running etc.

2. Fine motor development involves development of small muscles of the body, especially during the small movements of the fingers and hands eg. Holding of javelin, discus and pole, catching a cricket ball etc.

A cognitive impairment (also known as an intellectual disability) is a term used when a person has certain limitations in mental functioning and in skills such as communication, self-help, and social skills. These limitations will cause a child to learn and develop more slowly than a typical child.

Micro nutrients

Micronutrients mainly comprise vitamins and minerals which are required in minute quantities. However, both macro nutrients as well as micro nutrients are essential. Micro nutrients are chlorine, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, sodium, copper, molybdenum and nickel.

The Factors That Influence Our Food Choices

• Biological determinants such as hunger, appetite, and taste.
• Economic determinants such as cost, income, availability.
• Physical determinants such as access, education, skills (e.g. cooking) and time.
• Social determinants such as culture, family, peers and meal patterns.

It is defined as the course of education in which the students are taught to maintain their body through various physical exercises. In such educational course, physical training is given to the students by the teachers. It helps the students to know about the importance of heathly lives and being fit. Through this education, the students develop their motor skills.

Obesity
The excess weight or deposition of excess fats on body is called obesity. It leads to various diseases like diabetes, heart diseases, hypertension, lowered pulmonary functions, lowers life expectancy. Obesity is a condition where your Body Mass Index (BMI) is higher than 30.

There are various reasons of obesity such as lack of proper exercise, eating habits, psychological factors, endocrine glands problems, familial tendency. Males are at high risk during age 29 to 35 and females are at risk during the age 45 to 49. The risk increases with age. Various asanas can be practised effectively to reduce the weight, control obesity and achieve normal healthy condition of body and mind. The major asanas to control obesity are Vajrasana, Hastasana, Trikonasana and Ardha Matsyendrasana.

A n s w e r :
I n case of knockout - cum - league fixture , after conducting knockout tournament upto quarter finals , the rest of the teams play league matches to decide the winner.

Micronutrients, i.e., vitamins and minerals can be divided into the following types:

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Most of the vitamins can be dissolved in water. They are difficult to store in the body and get flushed out in urine when consumed in large quantities. They play an important role in producing energy. Since they are not stored in the body, it is important to take them enough from different food sources.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

These vitamins do not dissolve in water. These are stored in the liver and fatty tissues for future use. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are important fat-soluble vitamins. They play a major role in the proper functioning of the immune system, proper bone development, proper vision, and protection of cells from damage.

Macrominerals

These are required in higher amounts as compared to the trace minerals. The important macrominerals and their functions include:

• Calcium- For the proper structure and function of bones.
• Phosphorus – Cell membrane structure
• Magnesium- Enzyme reactions
• Sodium- Fluid balance and maintenance of blood pressure
• Chloride- Maintains fluid balance and formation of digestive juices.
• Potassium- Nerve impulse transmission and muscle function.
• Sulphur- present in all the living tissues

Trace Minerals

These are required in very small amounts, but perform various important functions in our body. Iron, manganese, copper, zinc, iodine, fluoride, and selenium are some of the important trace minerals required by the body.

list of committees for organizing sports events:
1. Committee for publicity.
2. Transport committee.
3. Boarding and loading committee.
4. Decoration and ceremony.
5. Refreshment and Entertainment committee.
6. Reception committee.
7. Ground and Equipment committee.
8. Announcement committee.
9. Committee for Officials

Exercise Adherence
Exercise adherence refers to maintaining an exercise regimen for a prolonged period of time following the initial adoption phase. Exercise adherence is voluntary, self-regulated and largely a psychological issue.

reasons to exercise
1. Longevity
People who are physically active live longer. Regular exercise habit reduces the risk of dying prematurely.

2. Weight Control
Regular physical activity helps to reach and maintain a healthy weight. Exercises speed, up, the rate of , energy use, resulting in increased metabolism. When metabolism increases through exercise, the body weight remains under-control.

3. Bone Strength
An active lifestyle benefits bone density. Regular weight-bearing exercise promotes bone formation, delays bone loss and may protect against osteoporosis (form of bone loss associated with aging).

4. Strong Immune System
Regular exercise is beneficial for immune function. Exercise or physical activity may help flush bacteria out of the lungs and airways. This increases the immunity of body and reduces chance of getting a cold, flu or other illness.

5. Cholesterol Lowering Effect
Physical exercise favourably influences blood cholesterol levels in our body. Exercise positively alters cholesterol metabolism by increasing the production and action of several enzymes in the muscles and liver that function to convert some of the cholesterol to a more favourable form.

Benefits of Exercise
Exercise is defined as any movement that makes body’s muscles work and requires body to bum calories. There are many types of physical activity, including swimming, running, jogging, walking, dancing etc. Being active has been shown to have many health benefits, both physical and mental. Here is the list of scientifically proven health benefits the regular exercise brings

• Exercise has been shown to improve our mood and decrease feelings of depression, anxiety and stress. It produces changes in the parts of the brain that regulate stress and anxiety.
• Exercise plays a vital role in building and maintaining strong muscles and bones. Physical activity like weightlifting can stimulate muscle building when paired with adequate protein intake.
• Regular exercise has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular fitness and body composition, yet decrease blood pressure and blood fat levels.
• Exercise can provide antioxidant protection and promote blood flow, which can protect skin and delays signs of aging.
• Exercise improves blood flow to the brain and helps health and memory. Among older adults, it can help protect mental function.
• Exercise can help us to sleep better and feel more energised during the day.
• Exercise has favorable effects on the pain that is, associated with various conditions. It can also increase.pain tolerance.
• Exercise is crucial to support a fast metabolism and for burning more calories per day.
• Exercise is also helpful in maintaining self-confidence.

Hypertension
Blood pressure is the force of blood in the arteries. When this pressure becomes – abnormally high then it is called hypertension or high blood pressure. Stress is a major factor that causes hypertension. Yoga can be a very beneficial therapy for controlling blood pressure. The gentle, soothing practice of asanas settles both mind and body and reduces stress which causes hypertension. There are different types of asanas for the treatment of hypertension.

Tadasana [Mountain Pose]
Procedure

• This is a standing asana.
• Stand straight with the feet together.
• Slowly lift the toes and place them back on the floor.
• Pull up the kneecaps and squeeze the thighs.
• Inhale and lift up from the waist.
• Breathe and hold for 4 to 8 breaths.
• Exhale and drop the shoulders down.

Benefits

• It improves body posture and reduces flat feet problem.
• Knees, thighs and ankles become stronger.
• Buttocks and abdomen get toned.
• It helps to alleviate sciatica.
• It also makes spine more agile.
• It helps to increase height and improve balance.
• It regulates digestive, nervous and respiratory systems

Contraindications

• Avoid during headaches.
• Avoid during insomnia.
• Avoid during low blood pressure.

There are various objectives of planning which are stated below:

1) To enhance the sports performance: It is also one of the significant objectives to enhance the sports performance of athletes or players. Without proper planning, it is impossible to improve the performance of sportspersons. In fact, training in sports is useless if it is not well planned.

2) To keep good control over all the activities: to keep a good control over all the activities is another objective of planning. Planning and control are connected with each other. Planning helps in keeping a good control in organizing a tournament.

3) To facilitate proper coordination: this objective of planning is related to facilitate proper coordination among the various member of committees, formed for organizing the competition smoothly. A proper planning helps in making the proper coordination.