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Preeti Dabral 1 year, 11 months ago

Water Resources: To fulfil their water requirements, the rulers of Vijayanagara, built reservoirs of varying sizes. As this city was in the aridest zones of the peninsula, the rulers made elaborate arrangements to store rainwater and take it to the city. They built a very large tank in the early years of the fifteenth century. It is now called Kamalapuram Tank. This water not only irrigated the fields but also served the royal centre. The water of the river Tungabhadra was also fully utilised. Besides, there was the Hiriya Canal which drew water from a dam across the Tungabhadra river. This canal, built by kings of the Sangama Dynasty irrigated the cultivated valley.
Fortifications: Different parts of the city of Vijayanagara were enclosed with great fortress walls. There were seven lines of forts that not only encircled the city of Vijayanagara but also its agricultural land and forests. The outer-most wall linked the hills surrounding the city. This wall was built with wedge-shaped blocks of stone. They fixed well into each other and did not require mortar or any cementing agent. The inner portion of the walls was of earth packed with rubble.
This fortification enclosed agricultural tracts like cultivated fields, gardens and forests. Modern archaeologists have found evidence of an agricultural tract between the sacred centre and the urban core. To irrigate this tract, there was an elaborate canal system that drew water from the Tungabhadra.
The agricultural tracts were incorporated within the 'fortified area with a purpose. In the medieval periods, sieges were laid to starve the defenders into submission. These sieges could last even for months and years. So the rulers built large granaries within the fortified areas. Therefore the rulers of Vijayanagara adopted an elaborate strategy to protect their agricultural belt.
However, the second line of fortification surrounded the inner core of the urban complex and the third line of fortification went round the royal centre. There were well-guarded gates to enter the fort which led to the major roads. They had distinctive architectural features. There was an arch on the gateway and a dome over the gate.
Roads: The roads linked different parts of the city of Vijayanagara. They also led out of the city, went through the whole valley and avoided rocky terrain. Many important roads started from temple gateways and were lined by bazaars.

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Preeti Dabral 1 year, 11 months ago

He found these hills as impenetrable. They posed a great risk and danger to the travellers like him. Buchanan also found the hilly people as hostile, apprehensive and not willing to talk to any traveller. In fact, all the Paharis looked at him with suspicion and distrust.

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Anandi Sigar 2 years ago

The subsidiary alliance was imposed on Awadh in 1801.
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Preeti Dabral 1 year, 11 months ago

Akbar, in full Abū al-Fatḥ Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Akbar, (born October 15?, 1542, Umarkot [now in Sindh province, Pakistan]—died c. October 25, 1605, Agra, India), the greatest of the Mughal emperors of India. He reigned from 1556 to 1605 and extended Mughal power over most of the Indian subcontinent.

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Preeti Dabral 1 year, 11 months ago

Rajasthani school of miniature painting flourished between 16th to early 19th century in the principalities of Rajasthan. Dr. A coomarswami The great scholar of Indian Art History discovered this school and introduced it as Rajput school. Later this school was called Rajasthani school.

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Yuvan R 2 years, 1 month ago

The Harrapan civilisation was a kind of well planned and beautiful one. But in case of religion we don't find any kind of archeological evidences to support that those people belong to a specific religion or what god they worshipped, so archeologists assume that they belong to a religion based on other evidences collected from archeological findings.
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Preeti Dabral 1 year, 11 months ago

Worship of a male deity, most likely to be of Lord Shiva; Worship of animals, nature, semi human, or fabulous. Worship of trees in their natural state or of their indwelling spirits. Worship of inanimate stones or other objects, of linga and yoni symbol.

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Anandi Sigar 2 years ago

The begum Shahjahan and her succeser Sultan jahan begumof Bhopal played a important role in preserving the stupa by the following ways.1.The Begum gave financial support to preserve the historic place.2.A museum was built near the stupa with the support of Begum of bhopal. Support from Europe was also come for the stupa preservation.
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Preeti Dabral 1 year, 11 months ago

Agricultural technology or agrotechnology is the use of technology in agriculture, horticulture, and aquaculture with the aim of improving yield, efficiency, and profitability. Agricultural technology can be products, services or applications derived from agriculture that improve various input/output processes.

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Preeti Dabral 1 year, 11 months ago

Abdul Hamid Lahori

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Nandini Soni 1 year, 11 months ago

Cuz people follow sants rituals and if kings does anything that oppose it then the king became weak and even lost their throne
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Lily Tali 2 years, 1 month ago

In khetri area archaeologists found a new culture and call it as the Ganeshwar Jodhpur culture
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Preeti Dabral 1 year, 11 months ago

The Urban Core was the elite residential zone of the Vijayanagara capital. It was surrounded in the east by the Raghunatha temple on the Malyavanta hill and ridges, valleys and rocky outcrops. Massive fortifications with bastions and gateways at strategic locations surround the Urban Core.

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Preeti Dabral 1 year, 11 months ago

Vijayanagar Empire was ruled by four important dynasties and they are:

  • Sangama.
  • Saluva.
  • Tuluva.
  • Aravidu.
  • 3 answers

Anandi Sigar 2 years, 2 months ago

Chankaya also known as Kautilya.He was the minister of Chandragupta Mauryan. He wrote Arthashastra in which he described about the political system of Mauryans briefly

Account Deleted 2 years, 2 months ago

Teacher *

Account Deleted 2 years, 2 months ago

Chanakya was a techer and philosopher ..
  • 4 answers

Chetan Kohar 1 year, 11 months ago

Various reasons were there are suspected but no proper reason were found The reasons can be 1. Aryan attack 2.flood 3.drought 4.climate change 5.famine etc.

Pratiksha Sharma 2 years, 2 months ago

Many scholars believe that the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization was caused by climate change. Some experts believe the drying of the Saraswati River, which began around 1900 BCE, was the main cause for climate change, while others conclude that a great flood struck the area

Vivek Fulara 2 years, 3 months ago

There are various reasons Like Natural disaster Aryan attack Etc

Syed Lathif 2 years, 3 months ago

Bcoz of natural disaster such as flood, landscape, earthquake and climatic change.
  • 2 answers

Anandi Sigar 2 years, 2 months ago

Seals were most distinctive artefacts of Harappan civilization.It is made of a stone called steatite.

Sakib Malik 2 years, 3 months ago

seal convey the identity of ruler
  • 4 answers

Nandini Soni 1 year, 11 months ago

Yes

Ananya Tiwari 2 years, 3 months ago

Yes I am...

Ranvijay Kumar 2 years, 3 months ago

Yes

Syed Lathif 2 years, 3 months ago

Yes
  • 1 answers

Piyali Tirkey 2 years, 1 month ago

Alvars -devotees of vishnu Nayanrs- devotees of shiva
  • 1 answers

Alok Yadav 2 years, 3 months ago

Second chapter ke question answer
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Rishabh Raj 2 years, 3 months ago

The citadel was built on a raised plateform while the lower town was located on the lower part of the town. The lower town was larger than the citade.
  • 2 answers

Lily Tali 2 years, 1 month ago

(1) ASI director general John Marshal announce the discovery of new civilization for the world in the Indus valley. (2) The Seals were also found in mesopotamia archaeological sites excavated. (3) he bought his experience of greece and Crete. (4) John Marshal regularly attempt to dig with horizontal units. (5) sir John Marshal was the first professional archaeologist who work in India.

Aman Siddiqui 2 years, 3 months ago

Mohan jodado kaha isstet hai
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Nandini Soni 1 year, 11 months ago

He was the first archeologist to excavated harappa site
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Kumari Sonam 2 years, 4 months ago

Archaeologists have been able to reconstruct dietary practices from finds of charred grains and seeds. These are studied by archaeo-botanists, who are specialists in ancient plant remains. Grains found at Harappan sites include wheat, barley, lentil, chickpea and sesame. Millets are found from sites in Gujarat. Finds of rice are relatively rare. Animal bones found at Harappan sites include those of cattle, sheep, goat, buffalo and pig. Studies done by archaeo-zoologists or zoo- archaeologists indicate that these animals were domesticated. Bones of wild species such as boar, deer and gharial are also found. We do not know whether the Harappans hunted these animals themselves or obtained meat from other hunting communities. Bones of fish and fowl are also found.
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Kumari Sonam 2 years, 4 months ago

The sixth century BCE is often regarded as a major turning point in early Indian history. It is an era associated with the emergence of early states , empires and kingdoms. Underlying these political processes were other changes, evident in the ways in which agricultural production was organised. The growing use of iron , the development of coinage , etc. Simultaneously , new towns appeared almost throughout the subcontinent.

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