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Sia ? 3 years, 4 months ago

Civics is the study of the rights and obligations of citizens in society. The term derives from the Latin word civicus, meaning "relating to a citizen". The term relates to behavior affecting other citizens, particularly in the context of urban development.
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Preeti Dabral 3 years, 4 months ago

Lapis lazuli, semiprecious stone valued for its deep blue colour. The source of the pigment ultramarine (q.v.), it is not a mineral but a rock coloured by lazurite (see sodalite). In addition to the sodalite minerals in lapis lazuli, small amounts of white calcite and of pyrite crystals are usually present.

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Sia ? 3 years, 4 months ago

<th>Hinayana Buddhism</th> <th>Mahayana Buddhism</th>
1-Followed as a teaching or Philosophy. 1-Followed with reference to higher beings, more like a religion.
2-Found mostly in the South and West covering Indochina and Ceylon (Sri-Lanka). 2-Found mostly in the North and West, covering China, Korea, Japan, and Tibet.
3-Early work written in Pali (e.g. Kamma, Dhamma). 3-Early texts are in Sanskrit (e.g. Karma, Dharma)

Rohit Gurjar 3 years, 4 months ago

In short Mahayna worship's Buddha and Hinayana followed his philosophy.The meaning of Mahayna is big vehicle because most of the Buddhist worship Buddha and Hinayana means small vehicle because a few of them followed his teachings.
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Preeti Dabral 3 years, 4 months ago

The drainage system of the Harappan cities was the best known to the world in ancient times. The brickwork prevented the dirty water from leaking. Wooden screens stopped the solid wastes from being washed away with the water. Drains were built on either side of the roads.

Puravjeet Jaat Ladre 3 years, 4 months ago

• The drainage system in Harappan cities indicates town-planning. It was carefully planned and constructed. • Roads and streets were laid out along an approximate "grid" pattern, intersecting at right angles. • It seems that streets with drains were laid out first and then house? built along them. • The underground drainage system connected all houses? to the streets drains which were covered by stone slabs or bricks ?.

Jaspreet Sjngh 3 years, 4 months ago

Drainage System: The drainage system of the Harappan cities was the best known to the world in ancient times. The brickwork prevented the dirty water from leaking. Wooden screens stopped the solid wastes from being washed away with the water. Drains were built on either side of the roads
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Yashika Tyagi 3 years, 4 months ago

chapter names are changed but overall syllabus is same as last year....30% has been reduced
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Preeti Dabral 3 years, 5 months ago

Divine King- There were many rulers whose social origin were obscure, thus to raise their social status many like Kushanas began to portray themselves as divine. For example there is a statue of Kanishka in a temple and it is also displayed in te coins they produce

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Preeti Dabral 3 years, 5 months ago

Guru Nanak Dev did not wish to establish a new religion. He organised his followers into a community. He set up rules for congregational worship (sangat) involving collective recitation. He appointed his disciple Angad as the preceptor (guru) after him. After the death of Guru Nanak Dev, his followers consolidated their own practices and distinguished themselves from both Hindus and Muslims. The practice of selecting Guru was followed for nearly 200 years by his followers.

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Preeti Dabral 3 years, 5 months ago

1. This civilization is extended far beyond the Indus Valley. The main towns of Indus valley civilization were Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Kalibangan, Lothal.
2. The significant features of Indus Valley civilization are personal cleanliness, town planning, construction of burnt-brick houses, ceramics, casting, forging of metals, manufacturing of cotton and woolen textiles.
3. Mohenjo-Daro people had finest bath facilities, drainage system, and knowledge of personal hygiene.
4. They were equally conscious of plant medicine since there was occasional warfare.
5. The town planning and other characteristics indicate that a homogeneous indigenous culture developed.
6.The six most important characteristics of a civilization are cities, government, religion, social structure, writing, and arts and architecture.
7.The Harappan City was divided into the upper town (also called the Citadel) and the lower town. The various features of the Harappan town Planning is given below: Granaries: The granary was the largest structure in Mohenjodaro, and in Harappa there were about six granaries or storehouses.
8.The six most important characteristics of a civilization are cities, government, religion, social structure, writing, and arts and architecture.

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Abad Shaikh 3 years, 5 months ago

Script of the Harappan civilization: (i) Till date we have not been able to decipher Harappan script. Although we are sure that it was not alphabetical (where each sign stands for a vowel or a consonant) as there are just too many signs-somewhere between 375 and 400. (ii) The script was written from right to left. We know this because some seals show a wider spacing on the right and cramping on the left, as if the engraver began working from the right and then ran out of space. (iii) The Indus Script has both word signs and symbols with phonetic value. This view is based on the fact that roughly 400 signs have been identified, which makes it unlikely that the Indus Script was solely phonetic.
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Mansi Shastri 3 years, 5 months ago

Ashoka's dhamma include respect towards elders, generosity towards brahmanas and those who renounced worldly life, treating slaves and servants kindly and respect for religious and traditional other than one's own
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Anjali Sharma 3 years, 5 months ago

Cattle , sheep , goat, pig and buffalo found at Harappan sites .Bones of wild animal such as deer ,boar gharial are also found there

Sumit Kumar 3 years, 5 months ago

Animal found at harappan sites include those of cattle, sheep , goat, buffalao, and pig. Bones of wild species such as boar, deer and gharial are also found.
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Shubham . 3 years, 5 months ago

Thank you ☺️

Taani Kaur 3 years, 5 months ago

Planned City: Harappa as a planned urban centre. It had two parts. One part of the city was small. It was built on a higher place.The second part was comparatively large. It was built on a lower place. The first part was designed as citadel and the second part was as lower town. The citadel owed its height to the fact that it was built on mud brick platforms. It had walls on all sides and these walls were separated from the lower town. Lower Town: It was also a walled town. Most of the buildings were built on platforms. In fact, these platforms were considered as foundation stones. It required huge quantity of labour force to build these platforms. It is obvious that settlement was first planned and then implemented as per the building plan. Quality of sun-dried bricks or baked bricks also prove the concept of planning. All the bricks were of standard ratio. The length and width was four times and twice the height of the bricks respectively. These bricks were used in the settlements of the Harappan Civilisation. Drainage System: The drainage system was well planned. All the roads and streets were laid out on a grid pattern. They intersected one another at the right angles. It seems that streets featuring drains were laid out first and houses were built thereafter along with them. To make the flow of domestic water, every house had at least one wall along the street. The Citadel: There were many buildings in the citadel. These buildings were used for many special public purposes. The Warehouse and the Great Bath were the two most important constructions.
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Deepanshu Singh Chhikara 3 years, 5 months ago

Sanchi is a Buddhist complex, famous for its Great Stupa, on a hilltop at Sanchi Town in Raisen District of the State of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in 46 kilometres north-east of Bhopal, capital of Madhya Pradesh
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Puravjeet Jaat Ladre 3 years, 4 months ago

Urban planning of Harappan civilisation was of top quality. Cities were developed according to a proper plan. Streets and roads were wide enough and all roads bisected each other at right angles. People lived in houses ?of baked bricks ?. Length, breadth and height of bricks ? were of a standardised ratio. Rural class lived in citadel of towns and general masses lived in lower towns. There were provisions of windows and doors? in houses?. Every house? had a courtyard, bathroom ?, kitchen and stairs to reach a second storey or the roof. There were two ✌storey or triple storied houses?. People used to make large buildings?. One great bath has also been found at Mohenjodaro which could have been used for some kind of special ritual bath. It was 11.88 metres in length, 7.01 metres in breadth and 2.43 metres in depth. Largest building ? of town was the warehouses with the dimension of 45.71m×15.23m. Six 6⃣ warehouses have been found at Harappa. Harappan cities had the carefully planned drainage system. Drainage system was properly made which was covered with bricks?. These bricks ? could have been removed at the time of cleaning. Domestic waste water had to flow into the streets drains. Every house? needed to have at least one wall along the street.

Taani Kaur 3 years, 5 months ago

Planned City: Harappa as a planned urban centre. It had two parts. One part of the city was small. It was built on a higher place.The second part was comparatively large. It was built on a lower place. The first part was designed as citadel and the second part was as lower town. The citadel owed its height to the fact that it was built on mud brick platforms. It had walls on all sides and these walls were separated from the lower town. Lower Town: It was also a walled town. Most of the buildings were built on platforms. In fact, these platforms were considered as foundation stones. It required huge quantity of labour force to build these platforms. It is obvious that settlement was first planned and then implemented as per the building plan. Quality of sun-dried bricks or baked bricks also prove the concept of planning. All the bricks were of standard ratio. The length and width was four times and twice the height of the bricks respectively. These bricks were used in the settlements of the Harappan Civilisation. Drainage System: The drainage system was well planned. All the roads and streets were laid out on a grid pattern. They intersected one another at the right angles. It seems that streets featuring drains were laid out first and houses were built thereafter along with them. To make the flow of domestic water, every house had at least one wall along the street. The Citadel: There were many buildings in the citadel. These buildings were used for many special public purposes. The Warehouse and the Great Bath were the two most important constructions.

Deepak Kumar Meena 3 years, 5 months ago

1) The settlements of Harappan cities was devided in to Citadel and Lower city. 2)Citadel was high because it was build at raw soil platform. Those building which was build at citadel had used for special objective. 3) For example Great Granary (That's lower part was build by bricks)and its upper part destroyed perhaps it will be made up of soil. 4) Great Bath ( It was the rectangular water reservoir build in Courtyard .It was surrounded with corridor. It is used for Ritual purpose.
  • 2 answers

Deepak Kumar Meena 3 years, 5 months ago

Alchemy word refer to the Ancient indian chemical study.

Deepak Kumar Meena 3 years, 5 months ago

Alchemy
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Rohit Gurjar 3 years, 4 months ago

From France

Deepak Kumar Meena 3 years, 5 months ago

France
  • 3 answers

Rohit Gurjar 3 years, 4 months ago

Morocco

Deepak Kumar Meena 3 years, 5 months ago

Morocco

Aastha Verma 3 years, 5 months ago

Morocco
  • 1 answers

Deepak Kumar Meena 3 years, 5 months ago

Khwarijm, Ukbekistan . He came with Mahmud Gajnavi
  • 4 answers

Rohit Gurjar 3 years, 4 months ago

Babur

Deepak Kumar Meena 3 years, 5 months ago

Babur

###### ₹₹₹₹₹₹ 3 years, 5 months ago

Babur 1526 - 1530

Aastha Verma 3 years, 5 months ago

Babur
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Shreyans Mishra 3 years, 5 months ago

Following were the strategies adopted by the Brahmans to enforce the norms of the Varna system:- 1) They described the Varna order to be a devine order so as to ensure its wide acceptances. 2) They advised the to implement and ensure that these norms were properly functioning in their kingdom. 3) They also declared that the status of people in society was determined by their birth.
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Aastha Verma 3 years, 5 months ago

It was started on 17 January-28 feb in 1991.Us has started this war against kuwait,(Iraq) including 660,000 troops from 34 countries and in this war iraq was defeated. It is also known as 'Operation Desert Storm' or 'Persian Gulf War'.
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Aastha Verma 3 years, 5 months ago

Mohenjodaro was planned urban center because: (i)the roads in the cities were laid out along a grid pattern intersecting each other at right angle.(ii) the cities of the Indus Valley Civilization had an advanced drainage system. (iii) on the citadel buildings were constructed on mud brick platform and (iv) the settlements is divided into two parts, one smaller but higher and other much larger.

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