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Ask QuestionPosted by Nikita Dornal 5 years, 4 months ago
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Nikita Dornal 5 years, 4 months ago
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Sia ? 5 years, 4 months ago
The concept of Neo Determinism or stop and go determinism was introduced by Griffith Taylor, who emphasised on the middle path or Madhyam Marg between two ends of environmental determinism and possibilism. It can be understood as follow-
- The concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity (i.e. environmental determinism) and nor is there a condition of absolute freedom (i.e. possibilism).
- Human beings can inhibit nature by obeying it, as possibilities can be created within limits which do not damage the environment.
- Over-exploitation of natural resources for the development of the economy causes environmental problems like greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, global warming, receding glaciers and degrading lands.
Neo determination i.e. middle path can be understood with the help of traffic signals, where red light means 'stop' while green light means 'go' and amber light provides a gap between red and green lights 'to get set'. Amber light is middle path just as neo determinism is in between the two ends of environmental determinism and possibilism. The neo-determinism conceptually attempts to bring a balance nullifying the 'either' 'or' dichotomy.
Posted by Ashish Dhaka 5 years, 4 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 4 months ago
Cooperative farming |
Collective farming |
A group of farmers form a co-operative society by pooling their resources voluntarily for more efficient and profitable farming. |
It is based on social ownership of the means of production and collective labour. |
Co-operative societies help farmers, to procure all important inputs of farming, sell the products at the most favourable terms and help in processing of quality products at cheaper rates. |
Yearly targets are set by the government and the produce is also sold to the state at fixed prices. |
Co-operative movement has been successful in many western European countries like Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Italy etc. |
Collective farming was introduced in erstwhile Soviet Union |
Posted by Satarupa Tigga 5 years, 4 months ago
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Udit Rohilla 5 years, 4 months ago
Sakshi Dwivedi 5 years, 4 months ago
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Sia ? 5 years, 4 months ago
Science and technology is important in population growth. Development of science has given us so many machines which are replacing the use of mechanical energy conserved in living beings. It led to increase in agricultural and industrial production. It also led to improvement in medical facilities leading to fall in death rates. It controlled many epidemic diseases. This fall in death led to a sharp rise in population.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 4 months ago
Two types of subsistence farming are practised in India. One is primitive subsistence farming and the other is intensive subsistence farming. Four characteristics of subsistence farming in India are
- Primitive subsistence farming is practised on a small patch of land with primitive tools such as a hoe, digging sticks etc.
- In intensive subsistence farming, cultivation is done on an area of high population pressure.
- In primitive subsistence farming, farmers clear a patch of land by burning trees and cultivate it for one or two years. Then they clear another patch of land for farming.
- In intensive subsistence farming, high quantities of fertilisers are used.
Posted by Mukesh Rai 5 years, 4 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 4 months ago
These settlements are fragmented into several units separated from each other. Thus, one site is easily recognisable and other houses are physically separated. They have local names such as para, panna, pali etc. There is complete diffusion and isolation of huts in the entire area. They are found in the middle Ganges plain, Chhattisgarh and Tarai region.
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Sakshi Dwivedi 5 years, 4 months ago
Posted by Royaldeep Shergill 5 years, 4 months ago
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Sia ? 5 years, 4 months ago
Naturalisation of Humans: In context of naturalisation of humans the following example has been taken: There was a man called Benda who lived in the wilds of the Abujh Maad area of central India. His village consisted of three huts deep in the wilds. Not even birds or stray dogs that usually crowded villages could be seen in these areas. Wearing a small loin cloth and armed with his axe he slowly surveyed the penda where his tribe practiced a primitive form of agriculture called shifting cultivation. Benda and his friends burnt small patches of forest to clear them for cultivation. The ash was used for making the soil fertile. Benda used to feel lucky to be born in such beautiful natural surroundings. When he used to take palmful of water, he remembered to thank Loi-Lugi, the spirit of the forest for allowing him to quench his thirst. He chewed on succulent leaves and roots. The boys used to collect Gajjhara and Kuchla, from the forest. These are special plants that Benda and his people used. He hoped the spirit of the forest would be kind and lead him to these herbs. These are needed to barter in the Madhai or tribal fair coming up the next full moon. He closed his eyes and tried hard to recall what the elders had taught him about these herbs and the places they were found in. He wished he had listened more carefully. Suddenly there was a rustling of leaves. Benda and his friends knew it is the outsiders who had come searching for them in the wilds. In a single fluid motion Benda and his friends disappeared behind the thick canopy of trees and became one with the spirit of the forest.
Humanisation of Nature: In this context the following example has been takens. Winters in the town of Trondheim meant fierce winds and heavy snow. The skies were dark for months. Kari used to drive to work in the dark at 8 am. She had special tyres for the winter and kept the headlights of her powerful car switched on. Her office was artificially heated at a comfortable 23 degrees Celsius. The campus of the university she worked in was built under a huge glass dome. This dome kept the snow out in winter and let in the sunshine in the summer. The temperature was controlled carefully and there was adequate lighting. Even though fresh vegetables and plants didn’t grow in such a harsh weather, Kari kept an orchid on her desk and enjoyed eating tropical fruits like banana and kiwi. These were flown in from warmer areas regularly. With a click of the mouse, Kari could network with colleagues in New Delhi. She frequently took a morning flight to London and returned in the evening in time to watch her favourite television serial. Though Kari was fifty-eight years old, she looked fitter and younger than many thirty years-old people.
Posted by Deepak Jha 5 years, 4 months ago
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Sia ? 5 years, 4 months ago
Age-*** pyramids (also known as population pyramids) graphically display this information to improve understanding and make comparison easy.
Posted by Meghna Nag 5 years, 5 months ago
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Gayatri Nanda 5 years, 4 months ago
Sia ? 5 years, 5 months ago
Factors affecting different types of rural settlement in India:
- Physical features - nature of terrain, altitude, climate and availability of water.
- Cultural and ethnic factors - social structure, caste and religion.
- Security factors - defence against thefts and robberies.
Posted by Frankish Thingom 5 years, 5 months ago
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Posted by Sangita Jain 5 years, 5 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 5 months ago
i. Intensification of cropping over cultivated land.
ii. Increase cultivated area wherever possible.
iii. To use HYV seeds,
iv. Easy availability of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides.
v. Expansion of irrigation facilities,
vi. Use modern agricultural technology.
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Posted by Tarun Kumar 5 years, 5 months ago
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Sia ? 5 years, 5 months ago
The concept of environmental determinism explains that human is a passive agent, influenced by the environmental factors that are physical factors like climate, flora, fauna, etc which determine the attitude of decision-making and lifestyle of human beings.
Posted by Nitika Sharma 5 years, 5 months ago
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Amal Jyothi 5 years, 4 months ago
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Posted by Meghna Nag 5 years, 5 months ago
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Sia ? 5 years, 5 months ago
The functional classification of Indian towns are as follows :
- Administrative Towns: Supporting administrative headquarters of higher order. Example of administrative headquaters are Chandigarh, New Delhi, Bhopal, Shillong, Guwahati, Imphal, Srinagar, Gandhi Nagar, Jaipur, Chennai, etc.
- Industrial Towns: In Industrial towns, industries constitute prime motive force. Example of Industrial towns are Mumbai, Salem, Coimbatore, Modinagar, Jamshedpur, Hoogli, Bhilai, etc.
- Transport cities: Port towns that are primarily engaged in import and export are Transport cities.Kandla, Kochi, Vishakhapatnam, etc are Transport cities.Agra, Dhulia, Mughalsarai, etc. are hubs of inland transport .
- Commercial Towns: Such towns specialise in trade and commerce. For example, Kolkata, Satna, and Saharanpur.
- Mining Towns: Such towns develop in mineral rich areas. For example Raniganj, Jharia, Digboi, Singrauli, etc.
- Garrisson Cantonment Towns: In Garrison Cantonment Towns the main function is related to defence .For example, Ambala, Jalandhar, Babina, etc.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 4 months ago
The factors influencing the distribution and density of population are discussed below:
(i)Geographical Factors
(a)Availability of water: It is the most important factor for life. So, people prefer to live in areas where fresh water is easily available. Water is used for drinking, bathing and cooking – and also for cattle, crops, industries and navigation. It is because of this that river valleys are among the most densely populated areas of the world.
(b)Landforms: People prefer living on flat plains and gentle slopes. This is because such areas are favourable for the production of crops and to build roads and industries. The Ganga plains are among the most densely populated areas of the world while the mountains zones in the Himalayas are scarcely populated.
(ii)Economic Factors
(a)Minerals: Areas with mineral deposits attract industries. Mining and industrial activities generate employment. So, skilled and semi–skilled workers move to these areas and make them densely populated. Katanga Zambia copper belt in Africa is one such good example.
(b)Industrialisation:Industrial belts provide job opportunities and attract large numbers of people. These include not just factory workers but also transport operators, shopkeepers, bank employees, doctors, teachers and other service providers. The Kobe-Osaka region of Japan is thickly populated because of the presence of a number of industries.
(iii)Social and Cultural Factors
Some places attract more people because they have religious or cultural significance. In the same way – people tend to move away from places where there is social and political unrest. Many a times governments offer incentives to people to live in sparsely populated areas or move away from overcrowded places.
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