Human geography studies the inter-relationship between the physical environment and sociocultural environment created by human beings through mutual interaction with each other.
(i)The process of adaptation, adjustment with and modification of the environment started with the appearance of human beings over the surface of the earth in different ecological niches. Thus, if we imagine the beginning of human geography with the interaction of environment and human beings, it has its roots deep in history.
(ii)Thus, the concerns of human geography have a long temporal continuum though the approaches to articulate them have changed over time. This dynamism in approaches and thrusts shows the vibrant nature of the discipline.
(iii)American geographers, Finch and Triwartha divided the subject matter of human geography into two broad sections : (i) Physical or Natural Environment, and (ii) Cultural or Man-made Environment. Physical Environment consists of phenomena such as human settlements as well as features associated with agriculture and transportation.

An inequality measure is ‘consistent’ if it ranks distributions the same irrespective of whether health quantities are represented in terms of attainments or shortfalls. This consistency property severely restricts the set of admissible inequality measures. We show that, within a more general setting of separate measures for attainments and shortfalls, the consistency property is a combination of two conditions. The first is a compelling rationality condition that says that the attainment measure should rank attainment distributions as the shortfall measure ranks shortfall distributions. The second is an overly demanding condition that says that the attainment measure and the shortfall measure should be identical. By dropping the latter condition, the restrictions on the admissible inequality measures disappear.

Renewable sources of energy are better than nonrenewable sources because they refill themselves over a short period of time. ... The use of renewable sources of energy means that as we use it, the Earth refills it. Like hydropower, fueled by water, or solar power, fueled by the sun.

• Land Resources
• Forest Resources
• Mineral Resources

Human Development Index measures attainments in human development. It reflects what has been attained in key areas of human development like education, health and standard of living. Its value lies between 0 and 1, 0 shows the lowest level of human development and 1 shows the highest level of human development.

The division of rural and urban population is based on the occupational structure, socio-economic level and level of development. The figure below presents the rural-urban composition of the population:

1. The population composition of rural and urban areas of developed and developing countries are different. Because the percentage of the rural population is higher in farm-based countries while industrial developed countries have a higher share of the urban population. North America is the most developed and most urbanised continent in the world.
2. In developed countries like Canada, Finland, New Zealand and other West European countries females outnumber males in urban areas. Females settle in urban areas to avail the vast job opportunities and as farming is highly mechanised, it remains largely a male occupation in rural areas.
3. In developing countries like Pakistan, Nepal and other Asian countries, urban areas remain male dominated due to predominance of male migration. Also, female participation in agriculture is fairly high in these countries. Shortage of jobs, housing and lack of security in cities discourage women to migrate from rural to urban areas. 
4. The Growth Rate of the urban population is 60 million people's per year while Rural Population growth rate per year is very less.

Science and technology are directly responsible for lowering natal deaths,and raising life expectancy. As a consequence human population has exploded to a point where the earth may not be able to support us.

1. Severe neglect of girl babies in infancy leading to their death.
2. ***- selective abortions that prevent girl babies from being born.
3. Female infanticide Lowest child *** ratios are found in the most developed pockets of our country such as Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat which are the richest states of India with high per capita income. It is possible that these prosperous people decide to have fewer babies and, hence, decide the *** of the children which becomes possible with modern medical technology such as ultrasound.

Possibilism: It refers to the possibilism in the physical environment for human to exploit it for their benefits.

Neo-determinism: It refers human as passive agent influenced by environmental factors which determine their attitude, decision making and the life style.

The distribution of the population according to the characteristics such as age, ***, marital status, socio-economic status (caste, religion, language, occupation, etc.) and so on is called composition of population. It is the main pillar of the population studies. The study of composition of population helps us to find out the structure of the population of a country.

The distribution of the population according to different types of occupation is referred to as Occupational Structure.
Occupations are generally classified as:

1. Primary activities: These include agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying, etc.
2. Secondary activities: These include the manufacturing industry, building and construction work, etc.
3. Tertiary activities: These include transport, communication, commerce, administration and other services.