The term geography was first coined by Eratosthenese, a Greek scholar (276-194 BC.). The word has been derived from two roots from Greek language geo (earth) and graphos (description).

The three areas/aspects of human development are:

1. Access to health: Leading a long and healthy life.
2. Access to education: Being able to gain knowledge.
3. Access to resources: Having enough means to be able to live a decent life.
   They are important because: Building people’s capabilities in these areas of health, education and resources is important in enlarging their choices. If people do not have capabilities in these areas, their choices also get limited.
   For example, an uneducated child cannot make the choice to be a doctor because his choice has got limited by his lack of education. Similarly, very often poor people cannot choose to take medical treatment for disease because their choice is limited by their lack of resources (money).

The major approaches to study geography are:

(i) systematic

(ii) regional

The key difference between dependent and productive population is that the dependent population does not work or contribute to the economic development of a country while the productive population works and contributes for the economic development of the country. Working population of the country is different from dependent population as working population help in improving country's economic conditions but dependent population are dependent on working population for their needs. dependent population are like liability on country.

The National Youth Policy has been launched by the government in 2003 in view of challenges against the adolescent population. 

(i) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways: It is a network of six lane super highways including North-South Corridor and East-West Corridor. It is a major road development project that connects Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai and Delhi. National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) is implementing this gigantic project.
(ii)National Highways: National Highways link extreme parts of the country. These are the primary road systems and are laid and maintained by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD).
(iii)State Highways: Roads linking a state capital with different district headquarters are known as State Highways. These roads are constructed and maintained by the State Public Works Department (PWD) in State and Union Territories.
(iv)District Roads: These roads connect the district headquarters with other places of the district. These roads are maintained by the Zila Parishad.
(v)Border Roads: Border Roads Organisation, a Government of India undertaking constructs and maintains roads in the bordering areas of the country. These roads have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain and have helped in the economic development of these area.

(i)The division of population into rural and urban is based on the residence. This division is necessary because rural and urban life styles differ from each other in terms of their livelihood and social conditions. The age-***-occupational structure, density of population and level of development vary between rural and urban areas. 
(ii)The criteria for differentiating rural and urban population varies from country to country. In general terms rural areas are those where people are engaged in primary activities and urban areas are those when majority of the working population is engaged in non-primary activities.
(iii)The rural and urban differences in *** ratio in Canada and West European countries like Finland are just the opposite of those in African and Asian countries like Zimbabwe and Nepal respectively. In Western countries, males outnumber females in rural areas and females outnumber the males in urban areas.
(iv)In countries like Nepal, Pakistan and India the case is reverse. The excess of females in urban areas of U.S.A., Canada and Europe is the result of influx of females from rural areas to avail of the vast job opportunities. Farming in these developed countries is also highly mechanised and remains largely a male occupation. By contrast the *** ratio in Asian urban areas remains male dominated due to the predominance of male migration.
(v)It is also worth noting that in countries like India, female participation in farming activity in rural area is fairly high. Shortage of housing, high cost of living, paucity of job opportunities and lack of security in cities, discourage women to migrate from rural to urban areas.

Degradation is the act of lowering something or someone to a less respected state. A president resigning from office is a degradation. It's also a downcast state. Once the president has resigned, he might feel degradation. The noun degradation is related to the verb degrade, which comes from the Latin degradare. The degradation of the once pristine forest has had a negative impact o the wildlife in that area. Licensed from GettyImages. noun. Degradation is defined as the state of being lowered down in respect, status or condition. When a person has become disrespected and is looked down upon, this is an example of degradation.

Factors Influencing Migration and Population Movements:

• Socio-political, economic and ecological factors are the main forces driving migration.
• Rising communal violence world-wide, often as a result of ethnic or religious intolerance, has led to increased levels of migration.

Literacy rate denotes the percentage of population above 7 years of age, who is able to read, write and have the ability to do arithmetic calculations with understanding.

Population ageing is the process by which the share of the older population becomes proportionally larger.

People, generally are emotionally attached to their place of birth. But millions of people leave their places of birth and residence. There could be variety of reasons. These reasons can be put into two broad categories : (i) push factor, these cause people to leave their place of residence or origin; and (ii) pull factors, which attract the people from different places. In India people migrate from rural to urban areas mainly due to poverty, high population pressure on the land, lack of basic infrastructural facilities like health care, education, etc. Apart from these factors, natural disasters such as, flood, drought, cyclonic storms, earthquake.
Reason for migration of males and females are different. For example, work and employment have remained the main cause for male migration (38 per cent) while it is only three per cent for the females. Contrary to this, about 65 per cent of females move out from their parental houses following their marriage. This is the most important cause in the rural areas of India.

Development geography is a branch of geography which refers to the standard of living and its quality of life of its human inhabitants. In this context, development is a process of change that affects people's lives. It may involve an improvement in the quality of life as perceived by the people undergoing change. Human geography is a wide-ranging discipline that draws together many of the strands important for understanding the world today. It examines human societies and how they develop, their culture, economy and politics, all within the context of their environment.

There are several factors that affect the population distribution in India:

1. Geographical Factors
2. Social Factors
3. Cultural Factors
4. Economic Factors

Improved technology used for harvesting food, coupled with the technology of improved sanitation, has accelerated the growth of the human population. A larger human population increases the impact on the environment and its resources, many of which are limited and non renewable. Changes in technology modify the carrying capacity of a territory as irrigation and fertilisation in agriculture, for example, or shorter rotations between crops, which increases the number of people who can be fed from the resources of a given territory. The application of the concept of carrying capacity for the human population, which exists in a non-equilibrium, has been criticized for not successfully being able to model the processes between humans and the environment.

People are mostly attracted to more of comfort .they are adapted to their own surroundings , but the fact is that today about35%of the youth prefer to live in big cities .because it is full of all basic amentities from education to medical facilities.

Place of origin is the place where something originated or was nurtured in its early existence; "the birthplace of civilization" provenance, provenience, birthplace, cradle. Place of Destination refers to the final destination to which the shipment is expected to arrive. This is the transportation of goods to the required destination provided by the buyer or shipper.