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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago

लघु उद्योग

1. यह निर्माण की मध्यम स्तरीय इकाई है।
2. इस उद्योग में स्थानीय कच्चे माल के साथ-साथ बाहर से भी मँगाये गये कच्चे माल का उपयोग होता है।
3. इस उद्योग में एक शिल्पकार छोटी-छोटी मशीनों का प्रयोग करता है।
4. इस उद्योग द्वारा निर्मित वस्तुओं का व्यापारिक महत्त्व अधिक होता है।
5. इस उद्योग में स्थानीय श्रमिक भी कार्य करते हैं।
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago

(a) Human Development is the development that enlarges people’s choices and improves their lives. This concept was introduced by Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq. 

(b)

(i) People are central to all development. Their choice are not fixed but keep on changing on. The basic goal of human development is to create conditions where people can live meaningful lives. 

(ii) To achieve a meaningful life as it should be with some purpose. People must be healthy, be able to develop their talent, participate in society and be free to achieve their goals by full recess to resources, education and health facilities. 

(iii) To have the capability and freedom to make basic choices. This may be remove their inability to acquire knowledge, their material poverty, social discrimination, inefficiency of institutions etc; 

(iv) To build people’s capabilities in the areas of health, education and access to resources is important in enlarging their choices. To set a qualitative change. It cannot take place unless there is an addition to the existing conditions. Development will occur when positive change growth take place. 

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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago

Rural-urban composition:

(i)The division of population into rural and urban is based on the residence. This division is necessary because rural and urban life styles differ from each other in terms of their livelihood and social conditions. The age-***-occupational structure, density of population and level of development vary between rural and urban areas. 

(ii)The criteria for differentiating rural and urban population varies from country to country. In general terms rural areas are those where people are engaged in primary activities and urban areas are those when majority of the working population is engaged in non-primary activities.

(iii)The rural and urban differences in *** ratio in Canada and West European countries like Finland are just the opposite of those in African and Asian countries like Zimbabwe and Nepal respectively. In Western countries, males outnumber females in rural areas and females outnumber the males in urban areas.

(iv)In countries like Nepal, Pakistan and India the case is reverse. The excess of females in urban areas of U.S.A., Canada and Europe is the result of influx of females from rural areas to avail of the vast job opportunities. Farming in these developed countries is also highly mechanised and remains largely a male occupation. By contrast the *** ratio in Asian urban areas remains male dominated due to the predominance of male migration.

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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago

Push factors of migration :  1. These factors force the people to leave a place.  2. Lack of job, war, natural disaster or political instability are some of the push factors.  3. Examples – Thousands of people from Syria are migrating to safer countries due to war, The 2015 earthquake in Nepal caused many people to migrate to India.  

Pull factors of migration :  1. These factors attract people to new places.  2. Job opportunities, better education and health services are some of the pull factors.  3. Examples – Many students leave India to study abroad, many people migrate to Canada and Australia for better jobs.

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Oki Pertin 4 years, 1 month ago

Tq sir...

Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

1. GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS

  • Availability of water- resides in those area where fresh water can be easily available, used for drinking, bathing and cooking, for cattle,crops, industries and navigation. These river valleys are densly populated
  • land forms- prefer living on flat plains and gentle slopes. Because areas are favourable for the crops production and to build roads and industries, for example, Ganga plains. Whereas mountainous and hilly regions are less populated due to lack of transport, agricultural and industrial development, for example Himalayan region
  • climate- Areas with very heavy rainfall or extreme and harsh climates have low population, for example Mediterranean regions.Areas with a comfortable climate, where there is not
    much seasonal variation attract more people.
  • soils- Fertile soils are important for agricultural and allied activities. Therefore,
    areas which have fertile loamy soils have dense population. Eg. Northern plains of India

2. ECONOMIC FACTORS

  • Minerals- Areas with mineral deposits attract industries and therefore generate employment. Skilled and semi-skilled workers move to these areas and make them densely populated. Example Katanga Zambia copper belt in Africa
  • urbanization- Cities offer better employment opportunities, educational and medical facilities, better means of transport and communication and good civic aminities which attract more population.
  • industrialization-Industrial belts provide job opportunities and attract large
    numbers of people. Example The Kobe-Osaka region of Japan

3. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS

  • Attract more people due to religious and cultural significance
  • People also move away from places due to political and social unrest
  • Many a times governments offer incentives to people to live in sparsely
    populated areas or move away from overcrowded places
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago

Igneous rocks are defined as types of rocks that are formed when molten rock (rock liquefied by intense heat and pressure) cools to a solid-state.

Lava is molten rock flowing out of fissures or vents at volcanic centers (when cooled they form rocks such as basalt, rhyolite, or obsidian). Pyroclastic deposits are accumulations of fragmented material (e.g. ash, bombs, tuffs, and volcanic breccias) ejected during volcanic eruptions.

Types of Igneous Rock

Following are the two types of igneous rock:

  1. Intrusive igneous rock: These rocks crystallize below the earth’s surface resulting in large crystals as the cooling takes place slowly. Diorite, granite, pegmatite are examples of intrusive igneous rocks.
  2. Extrusive igneous rock: These rocks erupt onto the surface resulting in small crystals as the cooling takes place quickly. The cooling rate is for a few rocks is so quick that they form an amorphous glass. Basalt, tuff, pumice are examples of extrusive igneous rock.
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago

Annual Growth Rate of Population refers to the rate at which the number of individuals in a given popular increase over a year, expressed as a fraction of the initial popular of the previous years.

Other important explanation:

Growth of population or population growth refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a country during a specific period of time, say during the last ten years.
It can be expressed in two ways:

Absolute Numbers. It is obtained by simply subtracting the earlier population from the later population. It is referred to as the ‘absolute increase’.
Annual Growth Rate. When the rate or pace of population is studied in per cent per annum. If increase is 2 per cent, i.e., there was an increase of two persons for every 100 persons in the base population. This is referred to as the annual growth rate.

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Oki Pertin 4 years, 1 month ago

Thank you ...so much ser....

Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago

Births, deaths and migration

 

  • When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, population increases.
  • When the death rate is more than the birth rate, population decreases. When the two rates are equal, the population remains constant.
  • Thus, the birth and death rates affect the balance of population.
  • Migration - The movement of people in and out of an area. Immigration has contributed to population, in developed countries, as people from developing countries move to these countries to seek better prospects.
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago

Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better understanding of natural laws.

For Example:

(i) The understanding of concept of friction and heat helped us discover fire.

(ii) Understanding of the secrets of DNA ad genetics enabled us to conquer many diseases.

(iii) We use the laws of aerodynamics to develop faster planes.

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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago

The restoration of ecological balance between water, soil, plants, and human and animal population should be a basic consideration in the strategy of development of drought-prone areas. Broadly, the drought- prone area in India spread over semi-arid and arid tract of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Western Madhya Pradesh, Marathwada region of Maharashtra, Rayalseema and Telangana plateaus of Andhra Pradesh, Karantka plateau and highlands and interior parts of Tamil Nadu. The drought prone areas of Punjab, Haryana and north-Rajasthan are largely protected due to spread of irrigation in these regions.

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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago

The concept of Neo Determinism was introduced by Griffith Taylor which emphasises the middle path or madhyam marg between two ends of environmental determinism and possibilism. It can be understood by the following points:
1. The concept envisages that there is nothing absolute whether it is an absolute necessity (i.e. environmental determinism) and absolute freedom (i.e. possibilism).
2. A human being can inhibit nature by obeying it, as possibilities can be created within a limit.
3. Over eOver-exploitation natural resources for the development of an economy causes environmental problems like the greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, global warming, receding glaciers and degrading lands.

An example of neo determination i.e. middle path is traffic signals. Red light means stop while green means go and amber light provides a gap between red and green lights ‘to get set’. Amber light is middle path just as neo determinism is in between two ends of environmental determinism and possibilism.

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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago

Trading centers are the towns and cities where buying and selling of items take place, which were produced elsewhere. Trading center may be rural and urban. Rural marketing centers cater to nearby settlements, these are semi urban centers of rudimentary type and act as local collecting and distributing centers. Personal and professional services are not well developed here, but they are important to cater to the basic demand of rural people. In rural areas periodic markets are also organized, these markets are held on specified days and move from place to place.

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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago

World population distribution is uneven. Places which are sparsely populated contain few people. Places which are densely populated contain many people. Sparsely populated places tend to be difficult places to live.

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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago

Countries are classified into three groups on the basis of human development index:

 

• Countries with High Index value: Countries who have a score of above 0.8 in HDI. This group includes 57 countries.

 

• Countries with Medium Index value: Countries who have a score between 0.5 upto 0.799 in HDI. This group includes 88 countries.

• Countries with Low Index value: Countries who have a score of below 0.5 in HDI. This group includes 32 countries.

Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago

Countries are classified into three groups on the basis of scores earned by them on the human development index . These are:

(i)High Human Development Countries: Countries who have a score of over 0.8 are under this group. According to the Human Development Report of 2005, this group includes 57 countries.

(ii)Medium Human Development Countries: Those countries who have the score between 0.5 upto 0.799 are under this group. There are 88 countries in this group.

(iii)Low Human Development Countries: The countries having the score below 0.5 are under this group. These are 32 countries.

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Manjeet Kaur 4 years, 1 month ago

Population

Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago

The study of human populations in particular place in particular time is called demography-subfield of geography

Population geography involves demography in a geographical perspective. It focuses on the characteristics of population distributions that change in a spatial context.

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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago

The *** ratio is important information about the status of women in a country in a region where gender discrimination is rampant. The *** ratio is bound to be unfavourable to women.
Reason for unfavourable *** ratio for women are as follows:

  1. *** ratio is always unfavourable to women in those countries where gender discrimination is rampant.
  2. In such countries or areas, the practice of female foeticide, female infanticide and domestic violence against women are common practices.
  3. The main reason for such practices is that women suffer from lower socio-economic status in general and societies are male-dominating in particular.
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago

Following are some of the major causes of water shortage:

  • Climate change
  • Natural calamities such as droughts and floods
  • Increased human consumption
  • Overuse and wastage of water
  • A global rise in freshwater demand
  • Overuse of aquifers and its consequent slow recharge
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago

Population density means number of person living in per unit area. According to 2011 census, in India 382 person live in per sq km of area. Over the last 50 years the population density has recorded an increase of about 260 persons per sq km, as ranging from 117 persons/sq km in 1951 to 382 persons/sq km in 2011

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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago

Answer:
Traditional large scale industrial regions are based on heavy industry, often located near coal-fields and engaged in metal smelting, heavy engineering, chemical manufacture or textile production. These industries are now known as smokestack industries. Traditional industrial regions can be recognized by:

  • High proportion of employment in manufacturing industry. High-density housing, often of inferior type, and poor services. Unattractive environment, for example, pollution, waste heaps, and so on.
  • Problems of unemployment, emigration and derelict land areas caused by closure of factories because of a worldwide fall in demand.

High technology is the latest generation of manufacturing activities. It is best understood as the application of intensive research and development efforts leading to the manufacturing products of an advanced scientific and engineering character.
Characteristics of the High-tech Industry are:

1. Professional (white collar) workers make-up a large share of the total workforce and greatly outnumber the actual production (blue collar) workers.
2. These industries are neatly spaced, low, modern, dispersed, office plant lab buildings rather than massive assembly structures.

 

 

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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago

*** ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. That is, it is the proportion of males in a population. As per Fisher’s principle, this ratio is 1:1 for most sexually reproducing species. The human *** ratio is, for obvious reasons, studied more than the ratio for any other species. It is of major importance to the studies of anthropology and demography. The *** ratio at birth for the world is 107:100. This is because of the higher foetal mortality in females. The *** ratio is 943 in India as per the 2011 census. That is, there are 943 females for every 1000 males. A skewed *** ratio which is not in favour of women is a dangerous sign because it indicates a higher female foetal mortality rate. This is a particular problem in certain states where there is active *** selection by parents and girls are killed even before they are born. Haryana has the lowest *** ratio in India among states at 879 girls for 1000 boys. Decreasing *** ratios pose dangers for the future female population in the country.

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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago

Aristotle describes a natural slave in his book Politics as "anyone who, while being human, is by nature not his own but of someone else…" Aristotle also states "he is of someone else when, while being human, he is a piece of property; and a piece of property is a tool for action separate from its owner."

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