Annual Growth Rate of Population refers to the rate at which the number of individuals in a given popular increase over a year, expressed as a fraction of the initial popular of the previous years.

Other important explanation:

Growth of population or population growth refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a country during a specific period of time, say during the last ten years.
It can be expressed in two ways:

Absolute Numbers. It is obtained by simply subtracting the earlier population from the later population. It is referred to as the ‘absolute increase’.
Annual Growth Rate. When the rate or pace of population is studied in per cent per annum. If increase is 2 per cent, i.e., there was an increase of two persons for every 100 persons in the base population. This is referred to as the annual growth rate.

Births, deaths and migration

• When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, population increases.
• When the death rate is more than the birth rate, population decreases. When the two rates are equal, the population remains constant.
• Thus, the birth and death rates affect the balance of population.

• Migration - The movement of people in and out of an area. Immigration has contributed to population, in developed countries, as people from developing countries move to these countries to seek better prospects.

Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better understanding of natural laws.

For Example:

(i) The understanding of concept of friction and heat helped us discover fire.

(ii) Understanding of the secrets of DNA ad genetics enabled us to conquer many diseases.

(iii) We use the laws of aerodynamics to develop faster planes.

The restoration of ecological balance between water, soil, plants, and human and animal population should be a basic consideration in the strategy of development of drought-prone areas. Broadly, the drought- prone area in India spread over semi-arid and arid tract of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Western Madhya Pradesh, Marathwada region of Maharashtra, Rayalseema and Telangana plateaus of Andhra Pradesh, Karantka plateau and highlands and interior parts of Tamil Nadu. The drought prone areas of Punjab, Haryana and north-Rajasthan are largely protected due to spread of irrigation in these regions.

The concept of Neo Determinism was introduced by Griffith Taylor which emphasises the middle path or madhyam marg between two ends of environmental determinism and possibilism. It can be understood by the following points:
1. The concept envisages that there is nothing absolute whether it is an absolute necessity (i.e. environmental determinism) and absolute freedom (i.e. possibilism).
2. A human being can inhibit nature by obeying it, as possibilities can be created within a limit.
3. Over eOver-exploitation natural resources for the development of an economy causes environmental problems like the greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, global warming, receding glaciers and degrading lands.

An example of neo determination i.e. middle path is traffic signals. Red light means stop while green means go and amber light provides a gap between red and green lights ‘to get set’. Amber light is middle path just as neo determinism is in between two ends of environmental determinism and possibilism.

Trading centers are the towns and cities where buying and selling of items take place, which were produced elsewhere. Trading center may be rural and urban. Rural marketing centers cater to nearby settlements, these are semi urban centers of rudimentary type and act as local collecting and distributing centers. Personal and professional services are not well developed here, but they are important to cater to the basic demand of rural people. In rural areas periodic markets are also organized, these markets are held on specified days and move from place to place.

World population distribution is uneven. Places which are sparsely populated contain few people. Places which are densely populated contain many people. Sparsely populated places tend to be difficult places to live.

Countries are classified into three groups on the basis of human development index:

• Countries with High Index value: Countries who have a score of above 0.8 in HDI. This group includes 57 countries.

• Countries with Medium Index value: Countries who have a score between 0.5 upto 0.799 in HDI. This group includes 88 countries.

• Countries with Low Index value: Countries who have a score of below 0.5 in HDI. This group includes 32 countries.

Countries are classified into three groups on the basis of scores earned by them on the human development index . These are:

(i)High Human Development Countries: Countries who have a score of over 0.8 are under this group. According to the Human Development Report of 2005, this group includes 57 countries.

(ii)Medium Human Development Countries: Those countries who have the score between 0.5 upto 0.799 are under this group. There are 88 countries in this group.

(iii)Low Human Development Countries: The countries having the score below 0.5 are under this group. These are 32 countries.

The study of human populations in particular place in particular time is called demography-subfield of geography

Population geography involves demography in a geographical perspective. It focuses on the characteristics of population distributions that change in a spatial context.

The *** ratio is important information about the status of women in a country in a region where gender discrimination is rampant. The *** ratio is bound to be unfavourable to women.
Reason for unfavourable *** ratio for women are as follows:

1. *** ratio is always unfavourable to women in those countries where gender discrimination is rampant.
2. In such countries or areas, the practice of female foeticide, female infanticide and domestic violence against women are common practices.
3. The main reason for such practices is that women suffer from lower socio-economic status in general and societies are male-dominating in particular.

Following are some of the major causes of water shortage:

• Climate change
• Natural calamities such as droughts and floods
• Increased human consumption
• Overuse and wastage of water
• A global rise in freshwater demand
• Overuse of aquifers and its consequent slow recharge

Population density means number of person living in per unit area. According to 2011 census, in India 382 person live in per sq km of area. Over the last 50 years the population density has recorded an increase of about 260 persons per sq km, as ranging from 117 persons/sq km in 1951 to 382 persons/sq km in 2011

Answer:
Traditional large scale industrial regions are based on heavy industry, often located near coal-fields and engaged in metal smelting, heavy engineering, chemical manufacture or textile production. These industries are now known as smokestack industries. Traditional industrial regions can be recognized by:

• High proportion of employment in manufacturing industry. High-density housing, often of inferior type, and poor services. Unattractive environment, for example, pollution, waste heaps, and so on.
• Problems of unemployment, emigration and derelict land areas caused by closure of factories because of a worldwide fall in demand.

High technology is the latest generation of manufacturing activities. It is best understood as the application of intensive research and development efforts leading to the manufacturing products of an advanced scientific and engineering character.
Characteristics of the High-tech Industry are:

1. Professional (white collar) workers make-up a large share of the total workforce and greatly outnumber the actual production (blue collar) workers.
2. These industries are neatly spaced, low, modern, dispersed, office plant lab buildings rather than massive assembly structures.

*** ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. That is, it is the proportion of males in a population. As per Fisher’s principle, this ratio is 1:1 for most sexually reproducing species. The human *** ratio is, for obvious reasons, studied more than the ratio for any other species. It is of major importance to the studies of anthropology and demography. The *** ratio at birth for the world is 107:100. This is because of the higher foetal mortality in females. The *** ratio is 943 in India as per the 2011 census. That is, there are 943 females for every 1000 males. A skewed *** ratio which is not in favour of women is a dangerous sign because it indicates a higher female foetal mortality rate. This is a particular problem in certain states where there is active *** selection by parents and girls are killed even before they are born. Haryana has the lowest *** ratio in India among states at 879 girls for 1000 boys. Decreasing *** ratios pose dangers for the future female population in the country.

Aristotle describes a natural slave in his book Politics as "anyone who, while being human, is by nature not his own but of someone else…" Aristotle also states "he is of someone else when, while being human, he is a piece of property; and a piece of property is a tool for action separate from its owner."

The rate of groundwater utilization is very high in the river basins of north west India and parts of south India, where the rain water percolates down easily through the soft soils and recharge underground water table. It is also easy to construct wells and tube wells here. Surface water is more utilized in the crystalline rocks of south India.

All humans perform a variety of activities on any given day. There is work that we do every day and other activities we do for personal fulfilment and joy. So as a general rule, we can say that all the activities we do to earn a living are economic activities.