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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 7 months ago
An azeotropic compound is a mixture of two substances which distil at the same temperature. An azeotrope is a mixture of compounds with the same composition in the vapour as in the liquid. In other words, an azeotrope is a liquid mixture that has a constant boiling point and whose vapour has the same composition as the liquid. Several compounds, such as toluene, benzene, and cyclohexane, form suitable azeotropes with water.
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{tex}\huge{=> R=\frac{\rho\ l}{A}}\\ \text{Thus, by increasing the cross-sectional area, the resistance of a conductor wire decreases}{/tex}
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 7 months ago
In the process of electrolysis, there is an interchange of ions and atoms due to the addition or removal of electrons from the external circuit. Basically, on passing current, cations move to the cathode, take electrons from the cathode (given by the supply source-battery), and is discharged into the neutral atom. The neutral atom, if solid, is deposited on the cathode and if gas, move upwards. This is a reduction process and the cation is, reduced at the cathode.
At the same time anions, give up their extra electrons to the anode and is oxidized to neutral atoms at the anode. Electrons released by the anions travel across the electrical circuit and reach the cathode completing the circuit. Electrolysis involves a simultaneous oxidation reaction at anode and a reduction reaction at the cathode.
For example, when electric current, is, passed through molten sodium chloride, the sodium ion is attracted by the cathode, from which, it takes an electrode and becomes a sodium atom.
Chloride ion reaches the anode, gives its electron, and become chlorine atom to form chlorine molecule.
Na+(in electrolyte) + e–(from cathode) → Na …. At Cathode
Cl–(from electrolyte) → e– + Cl → Cl2 …. At Anode
Electrolysis process, while useful to get elemental forms from compounds directly, it can also be used indirectly in the metallurgy of alkali and alkaline earth metals, purification of metals, deposition of metals, preparation of compounds etc.
Posted by Isha Bhatti 5 years, 7 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
Kohlrausch's law states that the equivalent conductivity of an electrolyte at infinite dilution is equal to the sum of the conductances of the anions and cations. If a salt is dissolved in water, the conductivity of the solution is the sum of the conductances of the anions and cations. Application: It is used to calculate molar conductivity at infinite dilution for weak electrolytes. For weak electrolytes, the conductance is low and the dissociation is not complete even at high dilution. Thus kohlrausch's law is used.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
Activated charcoal is used for removing colouring matter from solutions of sugar and other organic liquids such as oils etc. Fuller's earth can also be used for removing undesirable colouring/adsorbing matter from liquids/solutions. Adsorption is defined as the adhesion of a chemical species onto the surface of particles. In adsorption, the gas or liquid particles bind to the solid or liquid surface that is termed the adsorbent. The particles form an atomic or molecular adsorbate film.
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Anisha Yadav 5 years, 7 months ago
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