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  • 1 answers

Yogita Ingle 4 years, 9 months ago

It is because of the Metal excess defect due to anionic vacancies.

When crystals of KCl are heated in an atmosphere of potassium vapour, the potassium atoms are deposited on the surface of the crystal. The Cl– ions diffuse to the surface of the crystal and combine with K atoms to give KCl. This happens by loss of electron by sodium atoms to form K+ ions. The released electrons diffuse into the crystal and occupy anionic sites. As a result the crystal now has an excess of potassium. The anionic sites occupied by unpaired electrons are called F-centres (for colour centre). They impart violet colour to the crystals of KCl. The colour results by excitation of these electrons when they absorb energy from the visible light falling on the crystals.

  • 2 answers

Jyoti Yadav 4 years, 9 months ago

Degree of randomness

Gaurav Seth 4 years, 9 months ago

Entropy is a measure of randomness or disorder of the system.

The greater the randomness, higher is the entropy.

Solid state has the lowest entropy, the gaseous state has the highest entropy and the liquid state has the entropy in between the two.

Entropy is a state function. The change in its value during a process, is called the entropy change.

ΔS = S2 -S1 = ∑S products – ∑S reactants 

1) When a system absorbs heat ,the molecules start moving faster because kinetic energy increases. Hence, disorder increases. More the heat absorbed ,greater is the disorder.

2) For the same amount of heat absorbed at low temperature, the disorder is more than at high temperature. This shows that entropy change is inversely proportional to temperature.

ΔS = qrev / T

  • 1 answers

Gaurav Seth 4 years, 9 months ago

On July 7, HRD Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal announced a major CBSE syllabus reduction with 30% of the syllabus slashed for the year 2020-21 for classes 9 to 12 because of the reduction in classroom teaching time due to the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown.

CBSE has rationalized the syllabus with the help of suggestions from NCERT and the same has been notified by a new CBSE notification as well.

The CBSE syllabus has been reduced but care has been taken so that the learning outcomes remain the same and the students do not miss out on learning core concepts in various subjects.

Deleted syllabus of CBSE Class 12 Chemistry

 

 

  • 1 answers

Abhi Panday 4 years, 9 months ago

By using first order eq :kt=2.303 log (a/a-a') 20 percent is reduced than 80 percent left K=2.303 log (a/.80a) /15 K=2.303log(100/80) /15 K=2.303log (5/4) /15 K=2.303*.09/15 K=0.207/15 K=0.0138(1/s) 2) t=2.303 log (a/.10a) /.015 t=2.303 log(100/10) /.015 t=2.303*1/.015 t=153.5 min 3) first reduce 20 percent in 15 min after reduceing 80 percent left than 20 percent is more reduce from 80 percent than than 16 percent is remove from 80 percent t=2.303 log (.80a/.80a-.16a) /.015 t=2.303 log 1.25 /.015 t=153.4*log 1.25 t=153.4*.09 t=14.56 min
  • 1 answers

Abhi Panday 4 years, 9 months ago

When reaction follow zero order reaction
  • 3 answers

Jyoti Yadav 4 years, 9 months ago

Spontaneous ? G=-ve Non spontaneous ? G=+ve Spontaneous occurs itself Non spontaneous doesn't

Abhi Panday 4 years, 9 months ago

Spontaneous reaction has ∆G -ve and non spontaneous reaction has ∆G +ve

Devil ? 4 years, 9 months ago

Spontaneous: it take place itself only initiation is required
  • 4 answers

Lovely Sharma 4 years, 9 months ago

Aromatic carboxylic acid don't undergo Friedal craft reaction because the catalyst AlCl3 which is a Lewis acid forms bond with carboxylic acid group.

Gourav Sharma 4 years, 9 months ago

Thik koni pitaa

Gourav Sharma 4 years, 9 months ago

Never drink aromatic acid when u are out on date it will change ur mind ??

Yogita Ingle 4 years, 9 months ago

Aromatic carboxylic acids do not undergo Friedal-Crafts reaction because the carboxylic group is strongly deactivating and the catalyst AlCl3AlCl3 (lewis acid ) gets bonded to the carboxylic group strongly 

  • 3 answers

Abhi Panday 4 years, 9 months ago

Coming in exam

Gaurav Seth 4 years, 9 months ago

On July 7, HRD Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal announced a major CBSE syllabus reduction with 30% of the syllabus slashed for the year 2020-21 for classes 9 to 12 because of the reduction in classroom teaching time due to the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown.

CBSE has rationalized the syllabus with the help of suggestions from NCERT and the same has been notified by a new CBSE notification as well.

The CBSE syllabus has been reduced but care has been taken so that the learning outcomes remain the same and the students do not miss out on learning core concepts in various subjects.

Deleted syllabus of CBSE Class 12 Chemistry

 

 

 

Dinesh Kumar 4 years, 9 months ago

I don't know?
  • 2 answers

Devil ? 4 years, 9 months ago

Aq. KOH

Palak Agrahari 4 years, 9 months ago

Chloromethane can be converted into methanol directly in one step that is treating by aqueous KOH..
  • 0 answers
  • 1 answers

Nitin Kamboj 4 years, 9 months ago

No, chloroform is not the part of haloalkane and Haloarene for CBSE board exams 2021.
  • 1 answers

Nitin Kamboj 4 years, 9 months ago

You can use the simple wurts reaction for this conversion
  • 1 answers

Abhi Panday 4 years, 9 months ago

Xe has smallest dipole dipole force as compare to HF and CH3CL
  • 1 answers

Abhi Panday 4 years, 9 months ago

∆H is enthape it is +ve for spontaneous reaction and -ve for non spontaneous reaction
  • 0 answers
  • 1 answers

Yogita Ingle 4 years, 9 months ago

The maximum (or reversible) work that can be done by a thermodynamic system at constant temperature and pressure is known as Gibbs energy. The reversible work in thermodynamics means a special method in which work is carried out such that the system is in perfect equilibrium with all its surroundings.

  • 1 answers

Yogita Ingle 4 years, 9 months ago

Le Chatelier’s principles, also known as the equilibrium law, are used to predict the effect of some changes on a system in chemical equilibrium (such as the change in temperature or pressure). The principle is named after the French chemist Henry Louis Le Chatelier.

Le Chatelier said that equilibrium adjusts the forward and backward reactions in such a way to accept the changes affecting the equilibrium conditions.

  • 2 answers

Palak Agrahari 4 years, 9 months ago

Just by writing and writing and yes ncert is most important

Kl? ?? 4 years, 9 months ago

Do complete NCERT theory and back exercise and intxt questions u get good marks near about 80-90
  • 2 answers

Jassi Midha 4 years, 9 months ago

Because in s block of Cu present one electron and in p block 11 electrons are present. If it loses two electron it become stable. Because of stability it doesn't release it doesn't show oxidation State more than 2

Yogita Ingle 4 years, 9 months ago

 In an aqueous medium, Cu2+ is more stable than Cu+. This is because although energy is required to remove one electron from Cu+ to Cu2+, high hydration energy of Cu2+ compensates for it. Therefore, Cu+ ion in an aqueous solution is unstable.

  • 3 answers

Lovely Sharma 4 years, 9 months ago

Elementary ideas are reduced but numericals may come

Devil ? 4 years, 9 months ago

Nopes

Anuj Chahar 4 years, 9 months ago

No
  • 2 answers

Gourav Sharma 4 years, 9 months ago

She is not she bro , she is he , actually she is not he or she but we consider she as he

Yogita Ingle 4 years, 9 months ago

A Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is an electrode that scientists use for reference on all half-cell potential reactions. The value of the standard electrode potential is zero, which forms the basis one needs to calculate cell potentials using different electrodes or different concentrations. SHE is composed of a 1.0 M H+(aq) solution containing a square piece of platinized platinum (connected to a platinum wire where electrons can be exchanged) inside a tube. 

  • 1 answers

Yogita Ingle 4 years, 9 months ago

General Methods of Preparation of Alcohols 1. Hydrolysis of Halides

Alkyl halides when boiled with an aqueous solution of an alkali hydroxide give alcohol through nucleophilic substitution mechanism.

R-X + KOH → R-OH + KX

This general procedure produces primary and secondary alcohols. Glycerol can be synthesized from propylene by a series of reactions including the hydrolysis of a halide as one step in the process.

2. Hydration of Alkanes

Direct hydration takes place by adding water in the presence of a catalyst.

  • 1 answers

Yogita Ingle 4 years, 9 months ago

Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is used for preparing only primary amines. Phthalimide is first treated with KOH and then with an alkyl halide to form N-alkyl phthalimide. N-alkyl phthalimide on hydrolysis gives primary amine.

  • 3 answers

Palak Agrahari 4 years, 9 months ago

12*6+1*12+16*6=72+12+96=180gm/mol

Aayan Patel 4 years, 9 months ago

180.18g/mol

Sneha Bhardwaj 4 years, 9 months ago

120g/mol
  • 3 answers

Aayan Patel 4 years, 9 months ago

Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table. For showing positive oxidation state, it should be bonded to the more electronegative element than fluorine. ... Hence, fluorine always shows a negative oxidation state and can not show positive oxidation state.

Sneha Bhardwaj 4 years, 9 months ago

Because it is most electronegative element

Yogita Ingle 4 years, 9 months ago

Fluorine does not exhibit any positive oxidation state as it is the most electro-negative element and does not have d orbitals in its valance shell. 

  • 5 answers

Gourav Sharma 4 years, 9 months ago

5 answer ho gaye werna m hi bta de ta

Gourav Sharma 4 years, 9 months ago

Pta chla jaye ga

Gourav Sharma 4 years, 9 months ago

Thoda sa socho

Gourav Sharma 4 years, 9 months ago

Answer easy h

Gourav Sharma 4 years, 9 months ago

Dekho
  • 3 answers

Devil ? 4 years, 9 months ago

Añy dõubt ?

Gourav Sharma 4 years, 9 months ago

Seriously

Sneha Bhardwaj 4 years, 9 months ago

For solving organic firstly NCERT should be on tips
  • 3 answers

Jassi Midha 4 years, 9 months ago

Br attached to the aromatic ring . The reaction is take place as free radical halogenation (pg-289). You have to just focus on major product.

Sneha Bhardwaj 4 years, 9 months ago

Hope you get it

Sneha Bhardwaj 4 years, 9 months ago

In KCN,K is positively charged while CN is negatively charged therefore they form ionic bonds in this case both Cand N can donate electrons but the C-C is more stable to attain stability C donates its electron and form cyanide ion but in case of AgCN ,AgCN form covalent bond Here C is in bonding with Ag so it is not free to donates its electron.but N is free so it can donate its electron pair forming isocyanide.

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