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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 11 months ago
| Basis | Selling | Marketing |
| Scope | It is only a part of process of marketing. | It is a wide term consisting of a number of activities such aside notification, customers needs etc. |
| Focus | Transfer of the title from seller to consumer. | Achieving maximum satisfaction of customers needs and wants. |
| Pre-dominance | Product is given quantity. | Customer is treated as the king. |
| Aim | Profits through sales volume. | Profits through customer satisfaction. |
| Emphasis | Bending the customer according to the product. | To develop the products as per the customer needs. |
Khushbu Garg 4 years, 11 months ago
Posted by Mukul Jangid 4 years, 11 months ago
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Krati Saluja 4 years, 11 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 11 months ago
1) Multinational Coorporation is a large company that owns or regulate production across nations.
2) they set up offices and factories where they get favorable factore such as availability of raw materials,cheap skilled and unskilled labours,transport and market and most importantly liberalised(free of trade restriction) government policies.
eg:cargill foods ,ford motors etc.
Posted by Shahzil Khan 4 years, 11 months ago
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Posted by Abhishek Sharma 4 years, 11 months ago
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Khushi Varshney 4 years, 11 months ago
Posted by Abhishek Sharma 4 years, 11 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 11 months ago
This statement is true because planning is only a means to an end.Internal Limitations of Planning :
- Planning Leads to Rigidity
A specific plan made in an organisation clearly indicates the objective to be achieved and the ways of doing work. Since, a manager may not be able to change these plans, it leads to rigidity. - Planning may not Work in a Dynamic Environment
Business environment consists of social, economic, legal and other factors that keep on changing. The organisation has to adapt itself to such changes. But, planning cannot assess future trends exactly and thus fails in a dynamic environment. - Planning Reduces Creativity
It is an activity, which is done by the top management and the rest of the members just implement these plans. They are neither allowed to deviate from plans nor are permitted to act on their own. Due to this, much of the initiative or creativity inherent in managers or other members gets lost or reduced, and there is nothing new or innovative in the organisation. - Planning Involves Huge Cost
It usually involves a lot of time, effort and cost of the managers. Collection of data, boardroom meetings, investigations and discussions with experts involve a lot of expenditure of the organisation. Sometimes, the cost incurred may not justify the benefit derived from the plans. - Planning is a Time Consuming Process
Sometimes, plans to be drawn up take so much of time that there is not much time left for their implementation. This leads to failure of planning. - Planning does not Guarantee Success
Success of planning rests on its implementation. Lack of proper implementation may lead to failure of planning. Even if a plan has worked earlier, it may not work again, due to changes in the external environment.
Posted by Aman Bhargava 4 years, 11 months ago
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Posted by Eshika Gupta 4 years, 11 months ago
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Posted by Abhishek Sharma 4 years, 11 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 11 months ago
- Formal Organization is an organisation in which job of each member is clearly defined, whose authority, responsibility and accountability are fixed. Informal Organization is formed within the formal organisation as a network of interpersonal relationship when people interact with each other.
- Formal organisation is created deliberately by top management. Conversely, informal organisation is formed spontaneously by members.
- Formal organisation is aimed at fulfilling organisation’s objectives. As opposed to an informal organisation is created to satisfy their social and psychological needs.
- Formal organisation is permanent in nature; it continues for a long time. On the other hand, informal organisation is temporary in nature.
- The formal organisation follows official communication, i.e. the channels of communication are pre-defined. Unlike informal organisation, the communication flows in any direction.
- In the formal organisation, the rules and regulations are supposed to be followed by every member. In contrast to informal communication, there are norms, values, and beliefs, that work as a control mechanism.
- In the formal organisation, the focus is on the performance of work while in the case of an informal organisation, interpersonal communication is given more emphasis.
- The size of a formal organisation keeps on increasing, whereas the size of the informal organisation is small.
- In a formal organisation, all the members are bound by the hierarchical structure, but all the members of an informal organisation are equal.
Posted by Abhishek Sharma 4 years, 11 months ago
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Aitri Halder 4 years, 11 months ago
Posted by Abhishek Sharma 4 years, 11 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 11 months ago
Directing means giving instructions, guiding, counseling, motivating and leading the staff in an organization in doing work to achieve Organizational goals. Directing is a key managerial function to be performed by the manager along with planning, organizing, staffing and controlling. From top executive to supervisor performs the function of directing and it takes place accordingly wherever superior – subordinate relations exist.Directing is a continuous process initiated at top level and flows to the bottom through organizational hierarchy.
Aitri Halder 4 years, 11 months ago
Posted by Gautam Singh 4 years, 11 months ago
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Gurjeet Cheema 4 years, 11 months ago
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Golden Yadav 4 years, 10 months ago
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