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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
Management is both an Art and a Science.
(i) Management is an art as well as a science though an inexact science.
(ii) Art is the skillful and personal application of existing knowledge to achieve desired results. Management is an art because like any other art, it is a systematized body of knowledge and personalised application based on continuous practice.
(iii) Science is a systematised body of knowledge that explains certain general truths.
Like science, management principles are derived through observation and repeated experiments.
Since management deals with human beings the outcome of these experiments cannot be accurately predicted.
Moreover they have to be modified according to the given situation. Hence, it is an inexact science.
Posted by Kamal Kumar 5 years, 6 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
Unification is the act of unifying the different laws valid for different phenomena in to a single theory that explains all the different phenomenon. Reduction is the effort to solve a complex problem by breaking it into simpler parts.
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Meghna Thapar 4 years, 11 months ago
The term Levels of Management refers to the line of division that exists between various managerial positions in an organization. As the size of the company and workforce increases, the number of levels in management increases along with it, and vice versa. The different Levels of Management can determine the chain of command within an organization, as well as the amount of authority and typically decision-making influence accrued by all managerial positions.
Levels of Management can be generally classified into three principal categories, all of which direct managers to perform different functions.
The 3 Different Levels of Management
- Administrative, Managerial, or Top Level of Management. This level of management consists of an organization's board of directors and the chief executive or managing director. ...
- Executive or Middle Level of Management. ...
- Supervisory, Operative, or Lower Level of Management.
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Khushi Pathak 5 years, 6 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 4 years, 11 months ago
Algae contain a pigment called chlorophyll, which induces green color to the plants. Fungi do not contain chlorophyll and hence are not green in color. The word algae take its origin from the Latin word "alga," which translates into "seaweed." fungi do not contain the green pigment chlorophyll and therefore are incapable of photosynthesis. That is, they cannot generate their own food — carbohydrates — by using energy from light.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
| Basis | Effectiveness | Efficiency |
| (1) Meaning | It refers to the completion of work on time.
|
It refers to the completion of work correctively with minimum cost and maximum profit |
| (2) In simple words | It simply means doing right things | It simply means doing things rightly(i.e. in cheaper and faster manner) |
| (3) Objective | To achieve end results on time | Perform ing task with least waste of time and effort(cost) |
| (4) Main Focus | Time | Cost |
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(5) Example
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Mr. Ram (a salesman) achieved the target of 10000 units but not in the given time.
We can say that Ram is effective but not efficient |
Mr. Rahim (a salesman) achieved the target of 20000 units (double of the target assigned) in a given time.
We can say that Rahim is efficient |
Posted by Avneet Kaur 5 years, 6 months ago
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Posted by Saroj Paswan 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
Types of Plans
(i) Objectives Objectives are the ends towards which the activities are directed. They axe the end result of every activity. e.g., increase in sale by 10%.
(ii) Strategy A strategy is a comprehensive plan to achieve the organisational objectives.
(iii) Policies Policies are genera] statements that guide thinking or channelise energies towards a particular direction.
(iv) Procedures Procedures are required steps established in advance to handle future conditions. The procedure can be defined as the exact manner in which an activity has to be accomplished.
(v) Method Methods provide the prescribed ways or manner in which a task has to be performed considering the objective.
(vi) Rule Rules are specific statements that inform what is to be done. They do not allow for any flexibility or discretion.
Posted by Saroj Paswan 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
Types of Plans
(i) Objectives Objectives are the ends towards which the activities are directed. They axe the end result of every activity. e.g., increase in sale by 10%.
(ii) Strategy A strategy is a comprehensive plan to achieve the organisational objectives.
(iii) Policies Policies are genera] statements that guide thinking or channelise energies towards a particular direction.
(iv) Procedures Procedures are required steps established in advance to handle future conditions. The procedure can be defined as the exact manner in which an activity has to be accomplished.
(v) Method Methods provide the prescribed ways or manner in which a task has to be performed considering the objective.
(vi) Rule Rules are specific statements that inform what is to be done. They do not allow for any flexibility or discretion.
Posted by Prashant Patel 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
(a) Systematic Body of Knowledge: Science has a specified body of knowledge which is based on cause and effect relationship. Similarly, management has its own body of theories and principles that are developed over years. In addition, similar to other disciplines of science, management also has its own vocabulary.
(b) Theories Based on Experimentation: In science the principles and theories are based on continuous observation and experimentation. In a same manner, the principles of management have also developed over several years based on repeated observations and experiments. However, as against science, in management no exact cause and effect relationship can be established. This is because management primarily deals with humans and human behavior. As human behavior is subject change, so, the outcome of these theories would also vary from one situation to another. Despite this, management fulfils this criterion of science to some extent as the scholars have been able to identify certain theories and principle that act as guidelines in management.
Posted by Prerna Sharma 5 years, 6 months ago
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Posted by Prerna Sharma 5 years, 6 months ago
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Kartikey Bhardwaj 5 years, 5 months ago
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