Chocs Ahoy.
Cheeky Chocolates.
Sugar and Smiles.
Terrific Treats.
Milky Goodness.
Chunks of Heaven.
My Chocolate Life.
Bars of Bliss
choco Decker
Tirppy Terk
Duo bar
Ever -Chocolate & more.
Orre lick
white wrapper
Angelbar
Zipkid
Square pix
surfberry
Crunch Creation
Supreme Surf
GlueBite
walt wrapper

Marketing is called a social process due to its concern for the long-term welfare of society. Apart from the customer satisfaction, it pays attention to the social, ethical and ecological aspects of marketing. 

(a) Economic environment 
(b) Social environment 

It means keeping focus on some key areas (KRAs) and if there is any deviation in these key areas, and then it must be attended urgently. Key areas are those which have impact on whole organisation. For example, if there is increase in production cost by Rs 5, per unit and there is increase in postal cost by Rs 20, then more focus should be to find out reasons for increase in cost of production as it will affect the profit and future revenue of organisation whereas postal cost is incurred rarely and managers have no control over postal cost.

 Lower Level Management or Supervisory Level (consists of supervisors, foremen and superintendents).
Functions performed at operational/supervisory level are:
(a) They interact with the actual workforce and pass on instructions of the middle management.
(b) Maintains discipline among workers.
(c) Ensures quality output, minimum wastage and safety standards.

This theory was given by Abraham-Maslow. It is based on human needs. Maslow has explained his theory as a hierarchy of five needs which are depicted and explained below:

1. Basic Physiological Needs
   These are the basic needs, which a person is required to satisfy in order to survive. Hunger, thirst, shelter, sleep are some of the examples of these needs. In an organisation, basic salary helps to satisfy these needs.
2. Safety/Security Needs
   These needs are concerned with physical, economic and social security, in the form of job security, stability of income, etc.
3. Affiliation/Belongingness/Social Needs
   These needs are concerned with affection, sense of belongingness, acceptance and friendship. It is fulfilled when employees have cordial relations with colleagues.
4. Esteem Needs
   These needs include factors such as self-respect, status and recognition. When these needs are fulfilled through job title, it enhances self-confidence and prestige of employees.
5. Self-actualization Needs
   It is the highest level of need in the hierarchy. It arises after the satisfaction of all previously discussed needs. These needs include growth, self-fulfillment and achievement of goals.

This theory was given by Abraham-Maslow. It is based on human needs. Maslow has explained his theory as a hierarchy of five needs which are depicted and explained below:

1. Basic Physiological Needs
   These are the basic needs, which a person is required to satisfy in order to survive. Hunger, thirst, shelter, sleep are some of the examples of these needs. In an organisation, basic salary helps to satisfy these needs.
2. Safety/Security Needs
   These needs are concerned with physical, economic and social security, in the form of job security, stability of income, etc.
3. Affiliation/Belongingness/Social Needs
   These needs are concerned with affection, sense of belongingness, acceptance and friendship. It is fulfilled when employees have cordial relations with colleagues.
4. Esteem Needs
   These needs include factors such as self-respect, status and recognition. When these needs are fulfilled through job title, it enhances self-confidence and prestige of employees.
5. Self-actualization Needs
   It is the highest level of need in the hierarchy. It arises after the satisfaction of all previously discussed needs. These needs include growth, self-fulfillment and achievement of goals.

With time, manufacturers have looked into three aspects of packaging, viz. weight and thickness of the packaging material, the effect on the environment of the packaging material and the cost of packaging.
As transportation cost goes up, manufacturers are making the weight of packed material lower per unit, hence cardboard cartons are replacing wooden crates. One other reason is cardboard boxes are made from waste or recycled paper; on the other hand, trees have to be felled for making wooden crates.
Tetra packs are not breakable like glass, they are also an aseptic form of packaging that can store milk for longer periods of time without getting spoilt. Vending machines store plenty of milk, which can cater to a lot of people; installation of these machines has also removed the packaging cost altogether.
Plastic doors and windows are lighter and last long, unlike wooden ones which get spoilt due to sun and rain. Use of plastic for making doors and windows also does away with wanton felling of trees for wood.
Cardboard is made from recycled paper and extensive use of this material for packaging helps save use of other non bio-degradable material; compared to heavier material like wood or metal, cardboard is a lot lighter.
Pyramid packaging replacing square or rectangular shaped packaging helps in storing more packages in any given space.
Customers today are asked to pay the cost of plastic carry bags to dissuade them from using such bags which affect the environment as they are not bio-degradable. 
Earlier brown paper bags were used as packaging material. To make things attractive plastic bags were introduced. But, as civilisation became conscious of the ill effects of plastic, items like cloth was introduced for packaging or carrying material.
Advertisers use packaging very intelligently and aesthetically, so that the product attracts the attention of prospective customers over other products in the same category. The packaging material, the written words, the shape and size etc are all micromanaged at the time of launching a new product. 

(i) Describe the Product and specify its Contents: A label provides complete information regarding the product. It mainly includes ingredients of the product, its usage, caution in use, care to be taken while using it, date of manufacturing, batch number, etc.

(ii) Identification of the Product or Brand: It is easier to identify a particular product among many with the help of labelling. For example, you as consumer want to select CINTHOL SOAP. The task of finding the desired soap from heap of various branded soaps becomes easier with the help of labelling.

(iii) Grading of Product: When a product has different qualities, labelling helps to find out which pack contains what type of quality. For example, Hindustan Unilever Ltd., manufactures three types of tea and to differentiate the each type of tea, the company uses Green, Red and Yellow coloured labels.

(iv) Help of Promotion of Products: The Fourth function of labelling is to promote sales. Sometimes a consumer gets encouraged to buy a product simply due to attractive label. Now-a-days labelling is used as an effective sales promoting tool.

The elements of delegation are as follows (i) Authority It refers to the right of an individual to command his subordinates and to take action within the scope of his position. The concept of authority arises from the established scalar chain, which links the various job positions and levels of an organisation. It must be noted that authority is restricted by laws and the rules and regulations of the organizations. Authority flows downward. (ii) Responsibility Responsibility is the obligation of a subordinate to properly perform the assigned duty. It arises from a superior-subordinate relationship because the subordinate is bound to perform the duty assigned to him by his superior. Responsibility flows upward. (iii) Accountability Accountability implies being answerable for the final outcome. Once authority has been delegated and responsibility accepted, one cannot deny accountability It cannot be delegated and flows upwards i.e., a subordinate will be accountable to a superior for satisfactory performance of work.

Any five characteristics of management are:

1. Management is a goal oriented process as it leads to achievement 

of common goals. 

2. Management is pervasive in nature and has a universal phenomenon. 

3. Management is a multi-dimensional as it is required to manage work, people and operations,

4. Management is a continuous process because it is performed continuously in the organisation.

5. Management is a dynamic function as it keeps on changing according to the changes taking place in the environment.

The possible causes for decline in production are-

1.There may be some defect in machinery by which the components are produced.

2. Employees are not performing efficiently.

3. Sometimes employees may become lethargic.

The company can take the following steps to achieve the desired targets-

1. Company can replace the machinery or get repaired, if fault is in machine.

2. If employees are not performing efficiently, the company can give training to employees.

3. If employees are becoming lethargic,the company needs to keep a close supervision on their employees.

The possible causes of the decline in production are-

1)- there may be some defect in machinery.

2)- employees are not performing efficiently.

3)- sometimes employee may become lethargic

Company can take following steps to overcome these problems-

1)- company can replace defected machine with new one or get it repaired.

2)- if employees are not performing efficiently, the company should give adequate training to their employees.

3)- a company should keep close supervision upon employees so that they don't act in a lethargic way

The marketing concept as a business philosophy is traced from its origins as a business belief where efficient production was the emphasis to the current belief which emphasizes customer needs as a means of long-run business success. The concept has evolved in a progressive fashion over the last century. There are four stages in the product life cycle: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Life Cycle: Firms' products progress through the stages of development, which is indicated by their changing profits over time.

“Product mix” means the total number of products and items that a particular marketer offers to the market.

MAJOR COMPONENTS OF PRODUCT MIX ARE

1. Branding
2. Packaging
3. Labeling