The primary duty of the president is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law of India per Article 60. The president appoints the Chief Justice of India and other judges on the advice of the chief justice.

Under this system: The entire country is divided into 543 constituencies; Each constituency elects one representative; and The candidate who secures the highest number of votes in that constituency is declared elected.

The steps involved in enacting a law are as follows. Initially, a bill must be introduced in one House of Parliament (first reading). The relevant standing committee, which includes members from both Houses, may be referred the bill. This is not a necessary action. The Bill is taken up for discussion once the committee makes its report. At this point, each of the Bill's clauses is voted on after being thoroughly debated. Amendments to the clauses may be proposed by members. The second reading just finished. After then, the Bill is put to a final vote with the amendments that were approved in the second reading (third reading). After being approved, the Bill is submitted to the other House, which is comprised of the second and third. Pre-legislative, legislative, and post-legislative stages can be taken into consideration while examining the legislative process (post-legislative). Pre-legislative review of all government Bills has been mandated this year by the committee of secretaries. The administrative ministry is required to publish the proposed legislation online and through other media, together with information on its justifications, financial ramifications, effects on the environment and society, etc. To gather and send the public's comments on the Bill, the government.

1. Human beings possess reasons for any action and they have the ability to react upon actions also.
2. Human beings are capable to converse and debate and discuss the issues.

Sometimes liberty is differentiated from freedom by using the word "freedom" primarily, if not exclusively, to mean the ability to do as one wills and what one has the power to do; and using the word "liberty" to mean the absence of arbitrary restraints, taking into account the rights of all involved.

The unique features of the Indian Constitution are as follows:

1. Indian Constitution is a written set of rules and regulations and it is the lengthiest constitution in the world containing 395 articles, 12 schedules and a book of more than 250 pages.
2. Indian Constitution has provided to Indian citizens fundamental rights and to establish a welfare state, directive principles of state policy have also been generated.
3. By the 42nd Amendment in 1976, some (ten) fundamental duties have also been added up in the Constitution.
4. Indian Constitution is federal in structure but unitary in spirit.
5. The Indian Constitution is a blend of flexibility and rigidity, i.e. some of the Articles in Constitution can be amended by simple-majority but some require 2/3 majority of the parliament and voting in each house as well as to be ratified by at least half of the state legislatures.

Constraints are necessary to develop respect for views and beliefs of others. It is necessary for the creation of a society. Absence of constraint would lead to imposition of beliefs and ideas of stronger groups eventually leading to conflict. Constraints are required to control violence and settle disputes.

Based on the supposition that under like social conditions, each person realizes, in principle (as a value), equal work in the same period of time, Marx sees in work not only the substance common to all goods, but the unit of measure of well-being in society.

According to the Article $324(i)$ of the Indian Constitution, there is a provision for Election Commission, who will be responsible for conducting the election of the Union Parliament, the State Legislative Assemblies, President and Vice-President. The Election Commission is an independent and impartial agency to conduct free and fair elections in the country.
Composition of Election Commission and Appointment of its Members:
(i) The Election Commission consists of the Chief Election Commissioner and as such numbe of other Election Commissioners as the President may fix from time to time. Thus the Election Commission of India can either be a single member or a multi-member body. Till 1989, the Election commission was a single member. Just before the 1989 general elections, two Election Commissiones were appointed, making the body multi-member. Soon after the elections, the Commission reverted to its single member status.
(ii) In 1993, two Election Commissioners were once again appointed and the Commission became of multi-member and has remained multi-member since then. The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) presides over the Election Commission, but does not have more powers than the other Election Commissioners. The CEC and the two Election Commissioners have equal powers to take all decisions related to elections as a collective body and generally they take decisions on consensus.
(iii) The Constitution of India has ensured the independence of our Election Commission and has made it an impartial body which is responsible to ensure the conduct of free and fair elections. The following provisions make the Election Commission of India an independent body.

1. Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners and Regional Election Commissioners, if any, are appointed for a fixed term.
2. Chief Election Commissioner cannot be removed from office before the expiry of his term except on the grounds and in the manner a judge of the Supreme Court can be removed. It means the Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from office by the President before the expiry of his term on grounds of incapacity and misbehaviour, only if a resolution to this effect is passed by both the houses of Parliament by a two-third majority.
3. Other Election Commissioners and Regional Election Commissioners can be removed from office only on the recommendations of the Chief Election Commissioner.
4. Salary and other allowances of the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners are to be paid out of the Consolidated Fund of India.
5. Tenure and other service conditions of the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners are fixed by the President, but they cannot be changed to their disadvantage during their term of the office.

Debarring a candidate from contesting elections if charges have been framed against him/her by a Court in respect of certain offences. Candidates be required to furnish details of criminal cases pending against them. Candidates be required to provide true and correct statement of assets owned by them.

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