The federal bureaucracy performs three primary tasks in government: implementation, administration, and regulation. When Congress passes a law, it sets down guidelines to carry out the new policies. Actually putting these policies into practice is known as implementation. The bureaucracy provides necessary administrative functions, like conducting examinations, issuing permits and licenses, and collecting fees. Essentially, it handles the paperwork of everyday government operations.

The unitary features of the Indian Constitution include:

1. Single constitution and Single citizenship.
2. Governor's appointment by President and his role as an agent of the center.
3. Emergency powers of the President as mentioned in Article 352.
4. Under Article 356 provision of President's rule in the state.

The following are the characteristic features of the federal form of Government which are present in the Indian political set up as well:

1. Written and Rigid Constitution: A characteristic feature of a federation is a written and rigid Constitution. It should be written so that the division of powers between the Centre and the States may be given in clear terms. The Constitution of a federation should be rigid so that the Centre may not snatch the powers of the state against their will. The Constitution of India is written as well as rigid.
2. The supremacy of the Constitution: In a federation, the Constitution is held supreme, i.e., no organ of the Government, executive, legislature or judiciary is empowered to work against the Constitution. This supremacy is maintained so that the division of powers may be adequately safeguarded. If any organ of the Government acts against the Constitution that act can be checked by the other organs.
3. Distribution of Powers: The Constitution of India has established two forms of Governments—Union Government and State Governments. The Constitution distributes the powers between these two sets of Governments. There are three lists of powers in the Constitution: Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. The Union List consists of 97 subjects. In the State List, there are 66 subjects while in the Concurrent List there are 47 subjects. In the Union List only the Union Government has the power to make laws while in the State List generally the State Governments have the power to make laws but in exceptional circumstances, the Union Government can make laws on the subjects of the State List as well.
4. The supremacy of the Judiciary: In a Federal system of Government, the judiciary is given a special place. The Indian Constitution establishes a powerful and independent judiciary in India. It decides disputes between the Centre and the states and between two or more states. It interprets the Constitution. The interpretation of the Constitution given by the judiciary is considered as the final and the most authentic. It can declare any law ultra vires if it is not in tune with the provisions of the Constitution.
5. Bicameral Legislature: Bicameral system of the legislature is also another important feature of a federal system of Government. The Indian Parliament also consists of two chambers—the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.

In order to remove a prime minister, or the whole cabinet, from power, the president can either dismiss them, or the parliament can remove them through a vote of no confidence. This form of semi-presidentialism is much closer to pure presidentialism. It is used in: Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Russia, and Taiwan.

the powers and functions of the Prime Minister of India. are:

1. The Prime Minister forms the Council of Ministers according to the capability of the ministers, he assigns duty to them.
2. The Prime Minister allocates the department to the ministers and if he does not find the working satisfactory, it can change the departments of the ministers.
3. The Prime Minister presides over the meetings of the cabinet, he prepares an agenda for meetings and controls it.
4. The Prime Minister makes the appointments of state Governors, Ambassadors, members of UPSC by giving the advice to the President to appoint the same.
5. The Prime Minister works as a link between the President and the Council of Ministers. No minister can discuss the issues directly with the President without the permission of the Prime Minister.
6. The Prime Minister leads the cabinet in the Parliament as he explains the policy and decisions of the cabinet to parliament and if the President requires any information regarding the functioning of Parliament, he would demand such information from the Prime Minister only.

Councils of Ministers are usually composed of those government ministers who are responsible for a ministry. They are usually led by a President of the Council of Ministers, a term that is commonly translated, or used synonymously, as prime minister or premier.

The Simple Majority Representation System declares the candidate elected who secures votes more than others. In this system to secure an absolute majority is not necessary. In this system in the case of multi-cornered contests, candidates even with less than 50% of votes are elected.

The First Past The Post system is also known as the territorial system. The first past the post system is adopted by most of the modern democratic states. In this system, the total electorate of the country is divided into territorial units called constituencies which elect one representative to the legislature. At present, Lok Sabha consists of 543 elected members. Hence, the entire country is divided into 543 constituencies. Each constituency elects one representative. Every citizen of India of not less than 18 years has the right to vote. The voting is by secret ballot. The candidate who secures the highest number of votes in that constituency is declared elected. The winning candidate need not secure a majority of the votes. This method is known as the First Past The Post (FPTP) because in this method the candidate who is ahead of others, who crosses the winning post, first of all, is declared elected.

1) Social equality : It makes all persons equally eligible to enjoy various opportunities2) Economic equality : It refers to enjoy wealth equally in the society and abolish poverty3) Political equality : It refers to enjoy political rights to form contest electioons etc

Dolly and Sudha are debating about the efficiency and effectiveness of the Parliament in recent times. Dolly believed that the decline of Indian Parliament is evident in the less time spent on debate and discussion and increase in the disturbances of the functioning of the House and walkouts etc.

The primary duty of the president is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law of India per Article 60. The president appoints the Chief Justice of India and other judges on the advice of the chief justice.