Executive-president of India is head of its executive and followed by Governor for states and IAS officers for district .and ministers of union and states Legislative- it consists of MLA s and MPs of legislative assembly and parliament respectively.

Executive - Indian Government consists of the President of India, the Council of Ministers, the Vice-President, the Union Ministries and the Independent Executive Agencies. In the Executive - Indian Government, the President of the nation is the head of the state.
The Legislature, the Executive and the Judiciary. The Legislature: It is the law and policy making body. Generally, new laws or policies are introduced in the Parliament/ State Legislature in the form of Bills. These Bills once passed by the Legislature are sent to the President for assent.

India is privileged to have number of great souls like Dayanand Saraswati and Raja Ram Mohan Roy. They managed to bring revolutions by making radical changes in the society. Some of the reformers took up the challenges of breaking the jinx of prevailing caste-system while some fought for the introduction of girls'-education and widow remarriage. The contributions, made by these, simple yet eminent souls towards humanity are really extraordinary. Their activities and thoughts guided the nation to a new beginning.

 These are the steps in the law-making process. A bill may begin in either the House or the Senate except for money bills, which must be introduced in the House.

1. Bill is Drafted: Members of Congress, the Executive Branch, and even outside groups can draft (write or draw up) bills.
2. Introduced in House: Representative introduces the bill in the House. Only members can introduce bills.
3. Sent to Committee: The Speaker of the House sends the bill to a committee.
4. Committee Action: Most bills die here. The committee may pigeonhole, table, amend, or vote on the bill. If bill passes, it goes to Rules Committee.

Members of parliament, members of legistlative assemblies of all states(MLA) vote a person nominated from parliament so after these above members through voting President is elected

The powers of the president are: The Legislative powers, The Executive powers, The Financial powers, The Judicial powers.

The Legislative powers of the president are

• The president summons both the Houses of the Parliament and prorogues them.
• He or she can dissolve the Lok Sabha
• The President uses these powers according to the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister.

 The Executive powers of the president are

• The President is responsible for making a wide variety of appointments.
• The President appoints the Prime Minister the person most likely to command the support of the majority in the Lok Sabha.
• The President then appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios to them on the advice of the Prime Minister.

The Financial powers:

• All money bills originate in Parliament, but only if the President recommends it.
• No money bill can be introduced in Parliament without his or her assent.
• The President appoints a finance commission every five years.

The Judicial powers:

• The president appoints the Chief Justice of the Union Judiciary and other judges on the advice of the Chief Justice.
• The President enjoys the judicial immunity. No criminal proceedings can be initiated against him/her during his/her term in office.

Democracy is a form of government where the rulers get elected by the people and contrary to this is a nondemocratic form.

• In non-democratic form, people have no say in the decision of electing a ruler. In a democracy, people elect their leader.

• A nondemocratic government may respond to people’s need, but it all depends on the wishes of people who rule. In a democracy the ruler is accountable to the nation hence must listen to the demands of the people.

• There is no consultation or discussion in nondemocracy while taking any decision; a ruler does what he wishes.

• In nondemocratic government, there is accountability as the mistakes are either kept hidden from public or their feedback is not considered.

It insurers that good people come to power

1 The sal was initiated by some judges of the Supreme Court. 2 It can register a compliant through an application or mentioned on postcards. 3 It has been used to provide relief for undertrial prisoners in jails, acquisitions of cycle, rickshaws by licensed rickshaw pullers ,prihibition of human trafficking,etc. 4 Due importance is given to the weaker sections,bonded labour,women and children. 5 The sal acquired new dimensions under the leadership of former Chief Justice P.N.Bhagwati.

After the Chief Minister gets the confidence vote of the members he is bound by the limitations set up by the members in place of independent decision taken by himself . Also he has to make compromises, compensate the confidence vote of the members.

You can check syllabus in mycbseguide app of each subject in syllabus last page contains exam design which will help you.

The special powers of the president includes : He has the right to be informed about all the schemes or laws which are going to be implemented by the council of ministers. He has the power to flip the order of the supreme court

Legislative proposals are brought before either house of the Parliament of India in the form of a bill. A bill is the draft of a legislative proposal, which, when passed by both houses of Parliament and assented to by the President, becomes an Act of Parliament.

The best summary of the principles that the nationalist movement brought to the constituent assembly is the objective resolution that defines the aims of the assembly, moved by Nehru in 1946. It encapsulated the aspirations and values behind the Constitution: (i) India is an independent, sovereign, republic; (ii) India shall be a Union of erstwhile British Indian territories,Indian States and other parts outside British India and Indian states as are willing to be a part of the union. (iii) Territories forming the union shall be autonomous units and exercise all powers and functions of the government and administration, except those assigned to or vested in the union; (iv) All people of India shall be guaranteed and secured social, economic and political justice. Equality of status and opportunities and equality before law and fundamental-freedom of speech, expression, belief, faith, worship, association and action- subject to law and public morality. (v) The minorities, backward and tribal areas, depressed and other backward classes shall be provided adequate safeguards. (vi) The land would make full and willing contribution to the promotion of world Peace and welfare of mankind; (vii) All powers and authority of sovereign and independent India and its constitution shall flow from the people; (viii) The territorial integrity of the republic and its sovereign rights on land, sea and air shall be maintained according to justice and law of civilised nations.

Natural Inequality Men are superior than Women Social Inequality Untouchablity Caste based discrimination Hope it will help..

YES,  There is no state religion in a secular state

In a secular nation, people have the freedom to choose, practice and propagate their religion. The country does not have any official religion and neither the government nor any private institution discriminates among the people on the basis of religion. India is a secular nation as it has no state religion. The government neither encourages nor discourages any religion. People are free to choose and practice their religion. The Government of India treats people of all religions with equal respect.

YES,  India a secular state

In a secular nation, people have the freedom to choose, practice and propagate their religion. The country does not have any official religion and neither the government nor any private institution discriminates among the people on the basis of religion. India is a secular nation as it has no state religion. The government neither encourages nor discourages any religion. People are free to choose and practice their religion. The Government of India treats people of all religions with equal respect.

Emergency Provisions are contained in Part Eighteen of the Constitution of India. The President of India has the power to impose emergency rule in any or all the Indian states if the security of part or all of India is threatened by "war or external aggression or armed rebellion". 

Emergency Provisions are contained in Part Eighteen of the Constitution of India. The President of India has the power to impose emergency rule in any or all the Indian states if the security of part or all of India is threatened by "war or external aggression or armed rebellion". Read more on 

• Significance and characteristics
• Right to equality
• Right to freedom
• Right against exploitation
• Right to freedom of religion
• Right to life
• Cultural and Educational rights.