Politics is the way that people living in groups make decisions. Politics is about making agreements between people so that they can live together in groups such as tribes, cities, or countries. The study of politics in universities is called political science, political studies, or public administration. Politics is exercised on a wide range of social levels, from clans and tribes of traditional societies, through modern local governments, companies and institutions up to sovereign states, to the international level. A political system is a framework which defines acceptable political methods within a society.

Free and fair elections refers to those elections which are not based on any political torture.It happen in a democratic and social way in which everybody have the right to choose their representatives according to their choices,their wishes and their will and the competing parties dont try to influence people to choose them as their representative as its a crime.

The legal rights are protected by an ordinary law, but they can be altered or taken away be the legislature by changing that law. Fundamental Rights are protected and Guaranteed by the Constitution and they cannot be taken away by an ordinary law enacted by the legislature. If a legal right of a person is violated, he can move to an ordinary court, but if a fundamental right is violated the Constitution provides that the affected person may move to High court or Supreme Court. Here we should note that theRights to Property was a fundamental right before 1978. The Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, taken away the Right to property (Article 31) as a Fundamental Right and was made a legal right under new Article 300 A.

An ordinary right generally imposes a corresponding duty on another individual (and, state in some cases) but a fundamental right is a right which an individual possess against the state.Fundamental rights are protected against invasion by the executive, legislature and the judiciary. All fundamental rights are limitations on legislative power. Laws and executive actions which abridge or are in conflict with such rights are void and ineffective.Our constitution guarantees the right to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of fundamental rights. Thus the remedy itself is a fundamental right. This distinguishes it from other rights.The Supreme Court is the guardian of fundamental rights.
Further, all constitution rights not fundamental rights e.g. right not to be subjected to taxation without authority of law (art. 265), right to property (art. 300a), and freedom of trade (art. 301). A fundamental right cannot be waived. An ordinary legal right can be waived by an individual.

It is necessary for a country have a clear demarcation of powers responsibility in the constitution because demarcation allows the institution to work efficiently without any interference from the other institution and overlapping of the power and responsibility. Powers institution like the legislature, the executive the judiciary and even independent statutory bodies like the election commission demarcated.

It is necessary for a country have a clear demarcation of powers responsibility in the constitution because demarcation allows the institution to work efficiently without any interference from the other institution and overlapping of the power and responsibility. Powers institution like the legislature, the executive the judiciary and even independent statutory bodies like the election commission demarcated.

It is to ensure that no single institution acquires monopoly of power. In the absence of demarcation of fundamental rights there would problem to the citizens and the laws will unjust and unfair. A constitution is to specify has the power to make decisions in a society. In a democratic, it set some limits on what a government can improve on its citizens. These limits are fundamental the sense that government may never intrude them. The constitution show how organs of government should relate to each other. In the countries with federal structure judiciary plays an important role to maintain just environment. To avoid power overlapping and clash demarcation of power and responsibility is important in the constitution.

The bicameral legislature is one where the legislature consists of two houses, Chambers, factions for representation. E.g., the Congress of the United States which consists of a House of Representatives, and a  Senate and Indian Parliament which consists of the House of People and Council of States. 
Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana and Uttar Pradesh  are bicameral legislature state in India. 

The anti-defection law was passed by parliament in 1985 by 52nd Amendment to the Constitution. It added the Tenth Schedule which laid down the process by which legislators may be disqualified on grounds of defection from one political party to another.

Local government is the public administration of towns, cities, counties and districts. Local government includes both county and municipal government structures. Most states and territories have at least two tiers of local government: counties and municipalities. In some states, counties are divided into townships. There are several different types of jurisdictions at the municipal level, including the city, town, borough, and village. 

Types of Local Governments

Municipalities

Cities, towns and villages are known as municipalities and are represented by a council, elected by residents.  Council is in place to ensure the delivery of services that meet the interests and needs of residents, businesses, and organizations, at a cost these groups are willing and able to fund.  Council is also the vehicle through which residents express their thoughts and concerns in an effort to create local opportunities or to find solutions to community concerns. At minimum, a municipality is responsible to provide administration, land use planning, emergency measures, policing, road, and garbage collection services to residents.

Regional Municipalities

In May 2013, the regional municipality was introduced as a new restructuring option for New Brunswick communities. A population greater than 15,000 and a community grouping that includes at least one municipality are required to become a regional municipality.  Like a municipality, a regional municipality is governed by a council, elected by residents. Unlike a municipality, a regional municipality must only take on community administration, planning and emergency measures services, with the option to take on more services as it chooses. The regional municipality is responsible; however, to provide all services that were previously provided by a former municipality that is now part of the regional municipality. Responsibility for police protection and road services in an area(s) of the regional municipality that used to be a local service district would continue to be delivered by the Province of New Brunswick, unless the regional municipality chooses to take on the service.

Rural Communities (RC)

A rural community is an incorporated community that has a locally elected council to oversee the delivery of local services in a manner that reflects the community’s needs, wants, and ability to pay.  This local government option is open to a local service district, a group of LSDs, or a grouping of an LSD(s) and a town or village so long as the target feasibility requirement of 3,000 population or $200 million tax base is met. RCs are responsible to provide administrative services, community planning and emergency measures services only.  The province ensures the delivery of other services (e.g. solid waste collection, recreation services, etc.) until the RC chooses to take them on. This allows communities to transition to a new governance structure with flexibility. However, a rural community that includes a former village or town is responsible to provide all services that were previously provided by in the former municipality.

Features of federalism are : 
1) There are two or more levels of government.
2) Different tiers of government govern the same citizens , but each tier has its own jurisdiction in in specific matters of legislation , taxation and administration.
3)The jurisdiction of the respective tiers of government are specified in the constitution.
4) Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the power of different level of government.
5)The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of government. Such changes require theconsent of both levels of government.

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There are many salient features of theIndian Constitution. Its four main features are — 
1. It establishes a sovereign, democratic, republic in India.
2. It establishes a secular state in India.
3. It provides fundamental rights and fundamental duties to the citizens of India.
4. It establishes a parliamentary form of Government in India.

The Women's Reservation Bill or The Constitution (108th Amendment) Bill, 2008, is a pending bill in the Parliament of India which proposes to amend the Constitution of India to reserve 1/3rd of all seats in the Lower house of Parliament of India, the Lok Sabha, and in all state legislative assemblies for women.

The constitution provides the reservation of seats in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies.

Reservation is not against the Constitution. the equality you are talking about is just a legal or juridic equality, which doesn't take into account justice. Secondly, the Constitution itself provides for reservation policy in favor of certain sections (Article 15(4), 15(5), 16(3), 16(4) ). It does not violates the right to equality but yes sometimes the people of general groups fail to get benefits because of reservation. The person whose economic status is low should be provided with reservation. Reservation should not be there as it discourages the non-reserved class. So this requires some changes in our constitution too to safeguard the lower income people and not the highly non reserved class.

There is no direct election to the post of the Prime Minister. The President appoints the Prime Minister. But the President cannot appoint anyone he likes. He appoints the leader of the majority party or the coalition of parties that commands a majority in the Lok Sabha, as Prime Minister. In case no single party or alliance gets a majority, the President appoints the person most likely to secure a majority support. The Prime Minister does not have a fixed tenure. He continues in power so long as he remains the leader of the majority party or coalition. 
Since the Prime Minister is the head of the government, he enjoys wide-ranging powers : 
(i) He chairs Cabinet meetings and coordinates the work of different Departments. His decisions are final in case disagreements arise between Departments. 
(ii) He exercises general supervision of different ministries. All ministers work under his leadership. 
(iii) The Prime Minister distributes and redistributes work to the ministers. 
(iv) He also has the power to dismiss ministers. When the Prime Minister quits, the entire ministry quits. 
Thus, the Prime Minister is the most powerful person within the Cabinet.