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Yogita Ingle 6 years ago
Surface Tension
- Surface tension is the property of the liquid surface which arises due to the fact that surface molecules have extra energy.
- Surface energy is the extra energy which the molecules at the surface have.
- Surface tension is the property of the liquid surface because the molecules have extra energy.
- Surface energy is defined as surface energy per unit area of the liquid surface.
- Denoted by ’S’.
- Mathematically :-
- Consider a case in which liquid is enclosed in a movable bar.
- Slide the bar slightly and it moves some distance (‘d’).
- There will be increase in the area, (dl) where l=length of the bar.
- Liquids have two surfaces one on the bar and other above the bar. Therefore area=2(dl)
- Work done for this change =Fxdisplacement.
- Surface tension(S)=Surface Energy/area
- Or Surface Energy=S x area
- =Sx2dl
- Therefore S x 2dl =F x d
- S = F/2d
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Yogita Ingle 6 years ago
- It has a lower freezing point (-39°C) and a high boiling point (35°C). Hence it can be used over a wide range of temperature.
- It is shiny liquid metal, hence can be easily seen through the glass of the thermometer tube.
- It has a fairly large expansion for a small change in temperature.
- It does not stick to the glass tube.
Posted by Kartike Raj 6 years ago
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Yogita Ingle 6 years ago
Bernoulli’s Principle
- For a streamline fluid flow, the sum of the pressure (P), the kinetic energy per unit volume (ρv2/2) and the potential energy per unit volume (ρgh) remain constant.
- Mathematically:- P+ ρv2/2 + ρgh = constant
- where P= pressure ,
- E./ Volume=1/2mv2/V = 1/2v2(m/V) = 1/2ρv2
- E./Volume = mgh/V = (m/V)gh = ρgh
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Yogita Ingle 6 years ago
The Second law of motion becomes easy if we know an object’s mass and acceleration so that we can find the net force on the object.
This concept is useful for blocks and rope problems and also for pulley system problems. Also we need to understand that tension is a force so the net tension of an object is the same as the net force.
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When a small quantity of water is poured on a clean glass plate, it spreads in all directions in the form of a thin film. But when a small quantity of mercury is poured on the glass plate, it takes the form of a spherical drop. Similarly, if a small quantity of water is poured on a greasy glass plate, it also takes the form of small globules like mercury. This shows that the behavior of liquids is controlled not only by gravitational force (weight) but some other force also acts upon it which depends upon the nature of the surfaces in contact. If the weight of the liquid is negligible then its shape is perfectly spherical. For example, rain drops and soap bubbles are perfectly spherical. We know that for a given volume, the surface area of sphere is least. Hence may say that the free surface of a liquid has a tendency to contract to a minimum possible area.
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