Chinampa, also called floating garden, small, stationary, artificial island built on a freshwater lake for agricultural purposes. Chinampan was the ancient name for the southwestern region of the Valley of Mexico, the region of Xochimilco, and it was there that the technique was—and is still—most widely used. It consists in building up a number of narrow islands, each averaging some 6 to 10 metres (20 to 35 feet) wide and some 100 to 200 metres (325 to 650 feet) long, using layers of vegetation, dirt, and mud. The lake provides the chinampa with moisture laden with decomposing organic wastes that irrigate and fertilize the island’s soil, supporting an intensive and highly productive form of cultivation.

Native Peoples of North America.

a. These people lived along river valleys and they lived in bands.

b. Their food was fish and meat. They went far and distant places in search of meat and their main food which was bison and the wild buffalo.

c. They cultivated vegetables and maize.

Native Peoples of South America.

a. These people were hunters, agriculturists and herders.

b. These people were simple people.

c. They maintained empire.

The lives of upper class women in Ancient Rome (about 753 BC to 500 AD) mainly centered on running their households and raising the children. Roman women were not allowed to own property or control their own finances — all family inheritances and dowries were transferred to the husband when a woman married. Nor could women participate in politics — they could neither vote nor run for political office. Women's decision-making power was strictly limited to the management of the home. Of course, women who were of the lower social classes — slaves, freedwomen, and prostitutes — had even fewer rights, and lived lives mostly filled with back-breaking labor.

Workers in the Roman empire were all slaves and slavery played a very important role in social and economic activities. Not only workers, even physicians and accountants often came under the category of slaves.

Slaves had no rights, were considered as people with no personhood and property of their masters. They lived in harsh conditions and were brutally punished for the smallest mistake. As such, controlling them was not difficult.

Roman slaves were sometime allowed to hold and use property, though it belonged to their masters. Educated or skilled slaves could work and earn money, which they did with the distant hope that at some point of time, they could buy their freedom with this money.

Kings of Mari: The kings of Mari were Amorites whose dress differed from that of the original inhabitants. They respected not only the gods of Mesopotamia but also raised a temple at Mari for Dagan, god of the steppe. Mesopotamian society and culture were thus open to different people and cultures. This intermixture of different cultures catalyzed the vitality of the civilization. However, the kings of Mari used to be vigilant for any suspicious activity by the herders of various tribes.
Mari is a good example of an urban centre prospering on trade. It is located between the south and the mineral rich uplands of Turkey, Syria and Lebanon; a prime position for trade. Boats carrying various items of trade would stop at Mari on their way to the southern cities. Officers would go aboard, inspect the cargo and levy a charge of about one-tenth the value of the goods; before allowing the boat to continue downstream. In spite of not being militarily strong, Mari was exceptionally prosperous because of trade.

1. The Turks got control over Constantinople in 1453. The scholars were tortured by them. So scholars found themselves safe in Italy.
2. The people of Italy honoured scholars who had settled there.
3. There was freedom of expression in Italy.