Hominoids – all apes. Gibbons, gorillas, chimps, orangs and humans .

Hominids – all modern AND extinct GREAT apes. Gorillas, chimps, orangs and humans, and their immediate ancestors. Not gibbons.

Hominin – Any species of early human that is more closely related to humans than chimpanzees, including modern humans themselves. (At this point, this includes the genuses homo, australopithecus, ardipithecus and paranthropus. These genuses can and do change as various new fossils are found, which either add new genuses, or cast doubt on existing ones. Homo and australopithecus are the two most definite).

Basically, Hominoid is more of a biological reference, while hominids and hominins are more archaeology/anthropology related.

It is important to note that the definitions for hominid and hominin have only been formally accepted fairly recently, so many older textbooks, could refer to early human species as hominids instead of hominins, or vice versa.

1) The term Hominoid refers to great apes and humans collectively. On the other hand, Hominids refer to humans and all species more closely related to humans.

2) Hominoids have smaller brain while Hominids have larger brain.

3) Hominoids are quadrupeds but with flexible forelimbs. Hominids are biped and have an upright posture.

4) Hominoids and Hominids have differences in their hands which enable making and using tools.

5) Hominoids have larger jaw while Hominids have smaller jaw.

The world's first cities appeared in Mesopotamia and these cities were Babylon and Eridu.Babylon became important when Hammurabi made it his capital of his kingdom of Babylonia. Babylonia was destroyed in 698 B.C by Assyrians under Sennacherib.Many cities were used as burial grounds where many families buried belongings and corpses under there homes.

Organized Government

The rulers were inscribed in stone.Mesopotamia was ruled by Hammurabi.The weak and powerless were protected.The Laws of Hammurabi are the longest and best organized collections of lawRuled by kings- had absolute power

Complex Religion

Had a polytheistic belief systemWorshipped many gods and goddesses- influenced much of what happened to them in their livesMeaning of life was to live life contentlyReligion helped them face dangers and their fears

Job Specialization

Some of the jobs in ancient Mesopotamia included farming, pottery, weaving, teachers, astronomers, and livestock raisingTrading was also a big deal in Mesopotamia

The Crisis of the Third Century, also known as Military Anarchy or the Imperial Crisis (AD 235–284), was a period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the combined pressures of invasion, civil war, plague, and economic depression. The crisis began with the assassination of Emperor Severus Alexander by his own troops in 235, initiating a 50-year period during which there were at least 26 claimants to the title of emperor, mostly prominent Roman army generals, who assumed imperial power over all or part of the Empire. The same number of men became accepted by the Roman Senate as emperor during this period and so became legitimate emperors.

Kublai Khan gained control over China in 1271.

There lies a huge difference between the Venetian and the French governments. The best way to describe the Venetian Government is '' Venice über alles", meaning 'Venice above all’. This statement proves that Venice had a more just and efficient government as compared to any other European governments in contemporary times. On the other hand, the 15th-century French government has been referred as ’Feudal barbarism’ by Napoleon Bonaparte.

The Venetian administration was mostly controlled by the Great Council. It comprised some of the prominent members of the city. The state to these patricians was a mere extension of their family and individual interests. These people realised that only the efficient administration of the state could ensure the effective functioning of the trading, which was the primary source of revenue of the land. People of the lesser ranks such as the merchants, doctors and lawyers also had an important role to play in the state. They served as the ambassadors and diplomats. The lower ranks also had important rights and obligations. Thus, the administration of Venice was a participative practice. The government made all efforts to fulfil the needs of the poor. Provisions were made for the supply of food, conducting great ceremonies and celebrations, and assurance of legal system with justice for all.

The French government stood polls apart from the Venetian style of governance. It was based on the system of Feudalism. Feudalism was a social and economic system that existed in France, England and Italy during the 9th and 15th century. Here, the agricultural production was based on the relation between lords and peasants. The lords owned huge lands, and the peasants had to cultivate their own lands as well as the lords' land. In return for the services rendered by the peasants, the lords provided military protection to them. The lords also extended judicial control over the peasants and the settlement. This practise was highly exploitative. The worst sufferers were the serfs, who were devoid of all rights. The serf had extreme low status in the society. The word of the master was the law. He could not raise a voice against the master. Legal rights also did not exist for either of him.