Shortugai (Shortughai), in Darqad District of northern Afghanistan, was a trading colony of the Indus Valley Civilization (or Harappan Civilization) established around 2000 BC on the Oxus river (Amu Darya) near the lapis lazuli mines. It is considered to be the northernmost settlement of the Indus Valley Civilization.

meaning of nuclear family in which after the marriage child separate from their parents .husband and his wife or child

Cuneiform Script

1. Meaning: It is a script of Mesopotamia. The word ‘Cuneiform’ is derived from the Latin words cuneus, meaning ‘wedge’ and forma, meaning ‘shape’. Cuneiform letters were wedge shaped, hence, like nails.

2. Uses: By 2600 BCE or so, the letters became cuneiform, and the language was Sumerian. Cuneiform writing in the Akkadian language continued in use until the first century CE, that is, for more than 2,000 years.

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Homo - latin word meaning man , names assigned to them on their typical characteristics - homo habilis (tool maker) , homo erectus(upright man) , homo sapiens (thinking man) . 
Extinctiom of early form of australopithecus and replacement by species that were better adapted to drier conditions. 

Australopithecus - latin and greek words meaning southern ape  
They were earliest form of humans . 

Primates are mammals that usually have grasping hands, large brains and flat faces that set them apart from other mammals. Humans, gorillas, lemurs and tarsiers are all examples of primates. Primates evolved relatively recently, with fossil evidence pointing to an origin of about 55 million years ago.

In 1972 , the Indus civilization completed the golden jubilee of its discovery. It was celebrated in Pakistan but nothing happened in India ,although we loudly claimed heritage from the great civilization. Similarly the work in Pakistan and in other bordering regions has located many new settlements which indicates the extensive nature of that vast area encompassing Punjab, Sind, Rajasthan and Gujarat . This led to the trade relations between India and Harappa with western Asia

We are evolve from ape not from monkey. Plz read chapter 1 of history to know more about this topic .

Yes

Humanism mean

Early humans lived in jungle and were afraid of bigger and stronger wild animals. Earlier they had no house to live in and they spend their time on the trees or hide themselves behind the bushes. But it could provide them security from wild animals, rain, winter and sun heat. So, they started living in caves. As food and clothes is the basic necessity of humans, they started wrapping tree leaves and animal skin over their body to protect themselves from cold and heat. But they needed food also to live. They do not know how to grow crops in fields and finding food was not easy. Discovery of tools:. In start, early man started killing small animals for food. But they could not kill large animals with their bare hands. So, they used sharp edged stones to kill animals. Probably, this was the first tool he had started using for his need. They kept on improving their tools with time and requirements. They found that if they tied a sharp stone to a long piece of wood, they could throw it to a wild animal at a longer distance and they did not require go near to kill it. Discovery of Fire: Early humans ate raw flesh as they did not know how to cook their food. They had seen broken out fire in jungle severally, but did not know how to make it and how they could use it. Rather, they were afraid of it like animals. With time, they felt that they could use it for keeping themselves warm in winter. But making fire was really a big problem. So, they decided to keep jungle fire burning and started to adding dry grass or leaves to it. But it was not a permanent solution.

North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. In can also be described as a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.

North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square miles), about 16.5% of the earth's land area and about 4.8% of its total surface. North America is the third largest continent by area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. In 2013, its population was estimated at nearly 579 million people in 23 independent states, or about 7.5% of the world's population, if nearby islands (most notably around the Caribbean) are included.

Third Estate: The 3rd estate of then French society was further divided into three categories. Big businessmen, merchants, court officials, lawyers, etc. belonged to the first category of 3rd estate. Peasants and artisans belonged to the second category. And small peasants, landless labours and servants belonged to third category, and were considered as the lowest class in the society. Members of the third state had to pay all types of taxes including tithes and taille.

who rote the bok childarmesn

Who rote the book chalidarmesn

Man evolved and started walking on feet. They started carrying their food and other goods in their hands. The man then started to develop tools for their hunting and other purposes. When the man felt too cold they started to wear leaves for protection