Improves concentration power, correct body posture, Rehabilitation of injuries, Increases flexibility, Improves breathing system, Improves function of heart, Improves digestive system, Improve overall health, Improves coordination of function between neurology and muscles.

  Life is dull because of stark realities. It thus remains unthrilling. Jokes and pranks play the role of spice and make life enjoyable. But if pranks and jokes pinch and hurt others, the very spice becomes poisonous. If they are at somebody else’s cost, they leave a bitter taste. So one should not play pranks or jokes to annoy somebody. Above all pranks should not also harm other people. If somebody appears, before a weak-hearted person, in the disguise of a ghost, that can kill the person.

                        Pranks should set right moods and banish enmity. A man should remain sensitive while trying to create lighter moments. The horse could have created trouble for Mound and Aram. The horse taken away just for a joy-ride might have thrown them on the ground. John Byro, whose horse Mourad had stolen, was a tactful man. He pricked the conscience of the boys by saying that he knew that they were honest boys who belonged to an honourable family and they could not be thieves. Eventually, Mourad’s conscience pricked him and he returned the horse. Pranks and jokes should be mild and innocent.

Following are the ways in which we come to know that the author's grandmother was a religious person  
(i) She hobbled about the house in a white saree, always carrying and telling the beads of her rosary.  
(ii) When the author was in the village with her, he would always find her saying morning prayer while she bathed and dressed him up.  
(iii) The grandmother would always go to the village school with her grandson because the school was attached to the temple. While the children were taught, the grandmother would sit inside the temple and read scriptures.  
(iv) She would always feed the animals (dogs in the village) and birds (sparrows in the city) because she thought it to be a part of religious rituals.  
(v) The last moments of her life were spent in praying rather than talking to her family members.

The author‟s grandmother was a religious lady with a kind heart. Her one hand was always busy in telling the beads of her rosary. Her lips constantly moved in an inaudible prayer. She used to get up early in the morning. She did her morning prayer in “a monotonous sing-song”. Everyday, she went along with the author to his school and while narrator studied she sat in a temple and read scriptures Later, in the city she was unhappy that there was no religious teaching at school. Before dying, she stopped talking to her family members and turned to prayers, and telling the beads.

The boys returned the horse to Byro not because they were fraid but because their conscience pricked them.When John Byro met the boys,.the stolen horse was with them. John Byro recognized his horse but refused to believe that Mourad and Aram had stolen it. According to him, the fame of their honesty was widely known. This was the juncture when the conscience stricken boys decided to return the horse.  

To,  

The Manager  

Forum Loft,

21- Park, Park Street,

Delhi

January 19, 2019

Respected Sir,

It is to bring into your kind notice that our school i.e. Government Public High School, Delhi has, recently, got the latest GPRS tracking system installed in the school buses. The action has been performed with good intention. It keeps the parents updated with the movement of the vehicles via satellite and they can keep a track record of every single movement of the buses.

Unfortunately, the installed GPRS system is malfunctioning and due to this malfunction, the students and their parents are facing serious problems as the phenomenon causes the worries to the parents and disturbs the traveling schedules of the students as well. Therefore, you are, hereby, humbly requested to look into the matter and take the necessary action for fixing the issue in order to avoid any untoward situation.  

I shall be highly grateful to you in this regard .

Yours Truly  

Amir Khan

Government Public High School  

Delhi

If I were to write about some of the relevant issues today I want have to go very far. The same incident happens in my house also. We are three brothers and sisters, all school going children. My father is working in the office. My mother gets up early in the morning to prepare 4 sets of breakfasts and Tiffin’s. We take our time to get ready but if there is a delay even of 5 seconds on the part of my mother, we all bring the roof down. The same ritual takes place in the evening as well. Mother gets up before all of us and goes to bed after everyone. We had all taken her presence for granted. One day, my grandmother fell sick and mother had to go for two days. Without her, the entire house looked as if it is hit by a tornado. We all waited for her as if we were waiting for some miracle to happen. When, finally she came, we all heaved a sigh of relief and vowed never to take her lightly.

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There was a strange change in her behaviour. She was over-excited. She celebrated the arrival of her grandson. She collected all the women of the neighbourhood. For hours she continued singing and beating the drum. She had to be persuaded to stop to avoid overstraining. Perhaps it was the first time that she didn't pray.

when the author was going abroad for further studies his grandmother came to leave him at the railway station.She was not even emotional as she knew that she would be alive till her grandson comes back after five years and when she hugged her grandson, the grandson could hear his grandmother reciting prayers.

The author describes his grandmother as short, old, fat and slightly bent. To him, she looked the same for twenty years. It was difficult for him to imagine her young and pretty. But he found a beauty in her old age, like the serene winter landscape.

Sparrows were very closely attached to author's grandmother. She use to give bread crumbs to sparrows when she is alive.
When she died the sparrows express their sorrow by not chirrup.They gathered in thousand around her dead body. The sparrows also express their love for author's grandmother by not eating bread crumbs thrown to them by author's mother and when the dead body was taken for cremation, they fly away quietly.

Maurad was considered one of the craziest members of the narrator’s family. He was full of life and loved following his passions without caring for people around him. He could do anything to do the things he loved. He even risked his tribe's reputation for his passion for riding. Mourad had the knack of handling almost any critical situation. His heart was spilling with love for animals. However, Aram in spite of being younger was more practical. He was not as crazy as his elder cousin. He was worried about his family's reputation. He was neither a good rider nor as spontaneously efficient as his cousin. The two cousins had a wonderful rapport between them and they got along pretty well.  

a n s w e r
transcending concern –  a concern that surpasses generation, boundaries. It is not only about the present but also about future; not only about people but also about the planet.

In what condition did the author found in the living room

Haphazard

Albert got a medical certificate from Dr. Ernest Weil. But Yuri told him to get a reference in writing from Mr. Koch. Mr. Koch was Albert’s Mathematics teacher. He had a very good opinion about Albert. He was very much impressed by Albert’s knowledge of his subject. He was different from other teachers. He was very cooperative and helpful. So Albert met Mr. Koch. He willingly gave Albert the reference that he wanted. Mr. Koch asked Albert if he should write that he was not able to teach him anymore. Actually, Albert was so intelligent. He admitted that it was the only truth. Mr. Koch wrote that Albert was only wasting his time in his class. In fact, Albert would soon be able to teach him. Albert tried to be modest. He told Mr. Koch that he enjoyed his classes. In a way, Mr. Koch was the only good teacher who never pretended to be what he was not.

The scene is set in a school where Taplow arrives to do extra work on the last day for Mr. Crocker-Harris as he missed a day before. He finds Frank, a science teacher in the school. Frank asked him his name and the reason he is there that day. Taplow studies in the lower fifth standard and is about to get his result from his teacher Mr. Harris. Mr. Crocker-Harris usually reveals the result on the last day of school and unlike every other teacher, he follows the rules and regulations strictly.

They both started having a conversation where Frank asked him several questions. We don’t see Mr. Crocker-Harris in the whole chapter but we get to know a lot about him.

Taplow wants to take science as a remove because he finds the subject extremely interesting. Frank, on the other hand, doesn’t like what he teaches in the school. Mr. Croker-Harris is ‘hardly human’ as he never shrivels up. He told Taplow that he will get what he deserves. Nothing less and nothing more and this makes him tensed. Taplow further imitates Mr. Harris twice in front of Frank.

Franks admits that he envies Mr. Crocker-Harris because of the effect he has on them. Taplow told him that he never shows his emotions like other teachers and never beats them up like other masters.

He is not a sadist.

As they were deeply engaged in a conversation, Millie enters and comes with a shopping bag. She asked Taplow to go out and come back in a quarter of an hour as Mr. Crocker-Harris will be late. If her husband arrives earlier, she will take the blame. She further gives him a prescription and instructs him to purchase medicines for her from the chemist. Taplow follows and goes away to do the job.

he thing similar in the beginning and the ending of the poem is that the Laburnum tree is still and silent on both occasions.

The narrator grandfather in the portrait looked like a century old person with a long white beard which ran in a flowing manner.

I seemed the grandfather had many grandchildren, but the grandmother was actually too young for him.

The grandfather looked odd when compared with the grandmother about his age.

I. How to make notes:

1. Read the passage carefully.

2. Give a heading to your work. The heading will be based on the following considerations.
(i) What is the main idea of the passage?
(ii) Frame a heading based on the main idea.
(iii) Write it in the middle of the page.

3. Give subheadings
(i) How has the main idea been presented and developed?
(ii) Are there two or three subordinate/associated ideas?
(iii) Frame subheadings based on these.

4. Points are to be noted under each subheading.

Are there further details or points of the subtitles that you wish to keep in these notes? These are called points. Points may have subpoints.

5. All subheadings should be at a uniform distance from the margin.
6. Indenting – Points should also be at the same distance away from the margin.
7. Do not write complete sentences.
8. Abbreviations should be used.

II. Help with abbreviations:

1. Use standard abbreviations and symbols as far as possible.

(i) Capitalise the first letters of the names of states, countries or organisations.
For example: UP, USA, UK and UNO.

(ii) Common abbreviations
Sc. (for science), Mr, Mrs, Dr, govt, BSc, etc.

(iii) Common symbols such as i.e., e.g., Rx, /, ∴ , +ve, -ve, → (leading to) ↑ (rising), ↓ (falling), =, >, <

(iv) Measurements and figures – 100″, 100′, 100 kg, 100 mm, 100 mL.

2. Make your own abbreviations.

(i) Keep the main sounds of the words: edn (education), progm. (programme).
(ii) It is a good practice to keep the first few and the last letters of the word such as education – edu’n, developing – dev’ing. Retain the suffix so that later when you are going over the notes, you may recall the full form of the word, for example: ed’nal (educational), prog’ve (progressive).

3. Take the following caution:

(i) Do not get overenthusiastic about abbreviations.
(ii) You should not abbreviate every word.
(iii) One abbreviation in one point is enough.
(iv) As a general rule, the heading should not be abbreviated.
(v) You may use abbreviations in subheadings.

III. Your notes should look like this:

(i) Indenting is essential.

Notice that indenting, i.e. shifting from the margin, has been used to clearly indicate subheadings, points and subpoints. Subheadings, though separated by points, occur below one another. Similarly, points and subpoints should also come below one another. Such use of indenting gives your notes a visual character. At a glance, you can see the main idea and its various aspects.

(ii) Numbering-You may follow any system but you should be consistent, that is, you should follow the same system throughout. Some examples are given below.

IV. Abbreviations:

Note-making is an informal exercise as it is meant for your use only. You will not present a formal document in note form. Notes will be developed into a more formal piece of writing. Since notes are informal and are meant for your use only, you can abbreviate long words or use accepted abbreviations and symbols.

Writing a summary: The summary is an abstract of the passage. Expand your heading and subheadings and write down the ideas developed in the passage in the specified word limit.g

There was only one pleasure left in the old man now (his son's early morning visits and readings from the newspaper could no longer be called that) and those were visits from elderly neighbors.

The story revolves around Ranga, the accountant’s son who got the opportunity to go out of the village to study. The narrator takes you through a journey where he changes Ranga’s perception about marriage, how he staged their union with the help of a Shastri and what role English has played in their village. The entire story involves funny instances and references for the narrator has made sure your mind stays occupied with the story.

Egyptian emperors were known as Pharaohs. They were extremely rich and had vast treasures of gold. they were believers in life after death. This led them to mummify the bodies of rulers and bury them in caskets with worldly goods for the next life. Tutankhamen was one such ruler whose tomb was unearthed with his mummified body and many valuable items.
 

Nostalgia is a feeling of sadness mixed with joy and affection. It is remembrance of some old and sweet memories. In the beginning the narrator remembers ‘the good old days’ when he was nine. At that time ‘the world was full of every imaginable kind of magnificence.’

Mr Crocker-Harries is not a sadist like some other masters. He does not get pleasure out of giving pain. If he were a sadist, he would not be so frightening. It would show he has some feelings, but he hasn’t any. He’s all dry like a nut. He seems to hate people to like him, but other masters like being liked.

The wave that hit Wavewalker had caused extensive damage. Nearly all the boat’s main frames had been smashed down to the keel. A whole section of the starboard hull was being held up by a few cupboard partitions. Wavewalker could not hold together long enough for them to reach Australia. So he searched for an island to repair the boat.

King Tut's mummy went on public display for the first time after the tomb was discovered by British archaeologist Howard Carter. The contents of the tomb were removed and catalogued by Carter in five years. In order to remove the king's gold and jewel encrusted amulets and his golden death mask, he had to cut the body into 18 pieces.