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Ask QuestionPosted by Harish Thori 4 years, 9 months ago
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Posted by Rose Lena 4 years, 9 months ago
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Posted by Deepak Singh 4 years, 9 months ago
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Harish Thori 4 years, 9 months ago
Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 4 years, 9 months ago
hear 4s is full filled so it is stable but 3d is not stable
<hr> 4s¹ $$\boxed{↑\ }$$ 3d⁵ $$\boxed{↑\ \|\↑\ \|\ ↑\ \|\↑\ \|↑\ \}$$
hear both 4s & 3d are more stable <hr><hr>
Aadya Singh 4 years, 9 months ago
Posted by Govind Tripathi 4 years, 9 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 9 months ago
Ionisation enthalpy is also known as ionisation potential since it is the minimum potential difference required to remove the most loosely bound electrons from an isolated gaseous cation.The energies required to knock out second and third electrons are called second and third ionisation energies.
Uk Uk 4 years, 9 months ago
Chitresh Khandal 4 years, 9 months ago
Posted by Dev Dixit 4 years, 9 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 4 years, 9 months ago
The inert pair effect is the tendency of the two electrons in the outermost atomic s-orbital to remain unshared in compounds of post-transition metals. The inert pair effect explains why common ions of Pb are Pb4+ and Pb2+, and not just Pb4+ as we might expect from the octet rule. Screening effect : The shielding effect describes the balance between the pull of electrons on valence electrons and the repulsion forces from inner electrons.
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Umar Wani 4 years, 9 months ago
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Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 4 years, 9 months ago
Posted by Aadya Singh 4 years, 9 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 9 months ago
Enthalpy change of a system is equal to the heat absorbed or evolved by the system at constant pressure. As most of the reactions are carried out at constant pressure ,the measured value of the heat evolved or absorbed is the enthalpy change enthalpy.
Posted by Kushal G.M 4 years, 9 months ago
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Kalki Kalki 4 years, 9 months ago
Yogita Ingle 4 years, 9 months ago
An atomic unit of mass is defined as accurately 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom. The carbon-12 atom has six neutrons and six protons in its nucleus. The atomic unit mass is symbolized as AMU or amu.
1 AMU = Average of the proton rest mass and the neutron rest mass.
1 AMU = 1.67377 x 10 -27 kilogram or 1.67377 x 10 -24 gram.
Posted by Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 4 years, 9 months ago
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Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 4 years, 9 months ago
Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 4 years, 9 months ago
Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 4 years, 9 months ago
Posted by Niraj Kumar 4 years, 9 months ago
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Abirami Kamalbabu 4 years, 9 months ago
Posted by Aadya Singh 4 years, 9 months ago
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Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 4 years, 9 months ago
seeing you after a long time , where was you??
Yogita Ingle 4 years, 9 months ago
We know orbitals of last shell overlap with each other. The overlapping is of two types:
- Head to head(sigma bond)
- Sidewise(pi bond)
Overlapping of orbitals takes place between which has same energy. If in case, the orbitals have different energy they can’t overlap. Hybridization is the intermixing of orbitals of slightly different energies, so as to redistribute their energy and give rise to new set of orbitals that are similar in shapes and energy.
Posted by Aadya Singh 4 years, 9 months ago
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Harish Thori 4 years, 9 months ago
Posted by Prabhnoor Kaur 4 years, 10 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 10 months ago
How much of 0.3 M ammonium hydroxide should be mixed with 30 ml of 0.2 M solution of ammonium chloride to give buffer solutions 10 pH 8.65 and 10. Given pKb of NH4OH = 4.75.
A n s w e r :
Let V mL of NH4OH be mixed with NH4CI to have a buffer of pH 8.65. The total volume after mixing becomes (V+ 30) mL.
Yogita Ingle 4 years, 10 months ago
Let V mL of NH4OH be mixed with NH4CI to have a buffer of pH 8.65. The total volume after mixing becomes (V+ 30) mL.
m Mole of NH4OH = 0.3×V
Thus, NH4OH = 0.3×V/ (v+30)
m Mole of NH4CL = 0.2×30
Thus, NH4CL = 0.2×30/ (v+30)
= 0.2×30/ (v+30)/ 0.3×V/ (v+30)
= 0.61 = log6 /0.3×V
= v = 4.91mL
Similarly,
14-10 = 4.74+log 0.2×30/ (v+30)/ 0.3×V/ (v+30)
for ph = 10
V = 109.9mL
Posted by Aadya Singh 4 years, 10 months ago
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Aadya Singh 4 years, 9 months ago
Gaurav Seth 4 years, 10 months ago
Lewis dot structures reflect the electronic structures of the elements, including how the electrons are paired. Lewis structures are a useful way to summarize certain information about bonding and may be thought of as “electron bookkeeping”. In Lewis dot structures each dot represents an electron. A pair of dots between chemical symbols for atoms represents a bond.
Lewis Structure of CO (Carbon Monoxide)
- A carbon monoxide molecule consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom.
- The carbon atom requires four electrons to obtain octet configuration whereas the oxygen atom requires two.
- Therefore, the valency is satisfied via the donation of a lone pair of electrons for bonding by the oxygen atom.
- The resulting Lewis electron dot structure displays a triple bond connecting a carbon and an oxygen atom, each holding a lone pair of electrons.
Posted by Rohan Bhati 4 years, 10 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 10 months ago
According to Bohr,
- When energy is supplied to atoms of hydrogen, the electron from lower energy gets excited to higher energy level.
- The excited state being unstable, it jumps back to its original state that is ground state.
- Some electrons move to their ground state in one jump, some in multiple jumps. Each jump corresponds to line in a spectrum.
- As we know the gas in tube consists of many hydrogen atoms.
- Therefore, each electron on getting energy gets excited.
- On returning to the ground state, they either move in single jump or multiple jump.
- This is the reason that we get so many lines in different regions in hydrogen spectrum.
The wavelength emitted by them can be calculated as:
Posted by Bhushan Lal Sahu 4 years, 10 months ago
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Posted by Legendary 4 years, 10 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 10 months ago
oxygen has outer electronic configuration2s2 2p4
removal of ine electron from the 2p subshell will make its configuration
2s22p3
thus it attains a half filled configuration
thus lesser energy is required to remove an elecron from oxygen
whereas in nitrogen
the electronic configuration is
2s2 2p3
it has a stable half filled configuration
and thus more energy is required to remove an electron from nitrogen
in case of flourine
the electronic configuration is
2s2 2p5
it has to gain one more electron to attain noble gas configuration and become stable
thus more energy is required to remove an electron from flourine
thus ionisation enthalpy of oxygen is lesser than nitrogen or flourine
Posted by Varsha Baboria 4 years, 10 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 10 months ago
| Parameter | Compound | Mixture |
| Meaning | A compound is a pure form comprising of two or more elements in a chemical combination | A mixture is an impure substance involving two or more substances that are physically mixed. |
| Composition | The presence of elements in compounds is in a definite quantity | The presence of substances in mixtures is not in a definite quantity |
| Formula | A compound certainly has a specific formula on the basis of its constituents | Mixtures are devoid of a chemical formula |
| Properties | The properties of a specific type of compound are definite and there is no variation in them | The properties of a mixture tend to vary due to their dependence on the type of substances present |
| Substances | The formation of new substances always results in a compound because of the mixing of properties of the various elements | Formation of new substances does not take place from the mixtures because the properties of its constituents are not changeable |
| Separation | The elements of a compound are not easy to separate by physical methods | The substances of a mixture are certainly easier to separate by various physical methods like chromatography, evaporation, filtration, etc |
| Change of heat | There is a change of heat during the formation of a particular compound | There is no heat change in mixtures when their formation takes place |
| Melting or Boiling point | Compounds have an unchangeable definite melting or boiling point | Mixtures lack a definite melting or boiling point |
| Examples of Compound and Mixture | Methane, salt, baking soda, etc | Brass, chromium, bismuth, etc |
Posted by Vishal Yadav 4 years, 10 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 10 months ago
Isomerism is the phenomenon in which more than one compounds have the same chemical formula but different chemical structures. Chemical compounds that have identical chemical formulae but differ in properties and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule are called isomers. Therefore, the compounds that exhibit isomerism are known as isomers.
The word “isomer” is derived from the Greek words “isos” and “meros”, which mean “equal parts”. This term was coined by the Swedish chemist Jacob Berzelius in the year 1830.
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