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Sia ? 4 years, 2 months ago
ψ is a wave function and refers to the amplitude of electron wave i.e. probability amplitude. It has got no physical significance. The wave function ψ may be positive, negative or imaginary.
[ψ]2 is known as probability density and determines the probability of finding an electron at a point within the atom. This means that if:
(i) is zero, the probability of finding an electron at that point is negligible.
(ii) [ψ]2 is high, the probability of finding an electron is high i.e. electron is present at that place for a long time.
(iii) [ψ]2 is low. the probability of finding an electron is low i.e. electron is present at that place for a shorter time.
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Sia ? 4 years, 2 months ago
let vitamin C empirical formula is CxHy
CxHy + (x +y/4) O2 ------> xCO2 + y/2 H2O
now,
you see 1 mole of vitamin C form x mole CO2 and y/2 mole of H2O
so,
(0.2000)/(12x+y)= x (0.2998)/(44)
again,
(0.2000)/(12x + y)= y/2 (0.819)/(18)
divide both,
1 = x (0.2998). (18)/y/2 (0.819)(44)
y (0.819)(22) = x (0.2998)(18)
x/y = (0.2998)(18)/(0.819)(22)
= 3/10
hence, empirical formula of vitamin C is C3H10
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molar mass of CO2=44g
molar mass of NO =15g
no of molecules in 15 g NO= NA
no of molecules in 3g of NO=(3/15)NA
given, molecules in 3g of NO=molecules in m g of CO2
m/44×NA=3/15×NA
m=3×44/15
=8.8g of CO2
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Classical mechanics fails when applied to microscopic objects like electrons, atoms and molecules, etc. This is because the classical mechanics ignores the concept of dual nature of matter. The branch of science that takes into account this dual behaviour of matter is called quantum mechanics.The absorption and emission spectra of hydrogen like atom explained by Bohr theory is the experimental evidence in support of the idea that electronic energies in an atom are quantized. The various line obtained in the spectrum of hydrogen (Lyman,. Balmar, Paschan , Brackett and Pfund series) are based on the assumption of electronic energies in an atom are quantized.
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Rubidium is the chemical element with the symbol Rb and atomic number 37.
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Sia ? 4 years, 2 months ago
To describe the structure of atom and laws of chemical combination, Dalton’s Atomic Theory was put forward. According to this theory, matter is made up of small particles called atoms which are indivisible and indestructible. Atoms of same element are identical in shape, size, mass and chemical properties but the properties are different for atoms of different elements. They react with each other in different ratios (in simple whole number ratios) to form compounds or molecules.
This theory has some limitations like
1) It can explain the laws of chemical combination by mass but not by gaseous volumes.
2) it cannot explain why atoms of different elements have different properties.
3) Why atoms of different elements combine to form molecules?
4) What is the nature of binding forces that exist between atoms and molecules to form three states i.e. solid, liquid and gases?
To explain all above points modern atomic theory was introduced. According to this theory-
1) Atom is not indivisible as it is not the smallest particle. It is made up of electrons, protons and neutrons.
2) Atoms of different elements may have same atomic masses. Such atoms are called isobars.
3) Atoms of same element may have different atomic number. These atoms are called isotopes.
4) Atoms of different elements may react with each other in integral ratios also. It is not necessary to react in simple whole number ratios to form compounds or molecules.
5) Atoms are not indestructible. Atom of one element can be changed into another.
Because of all these explanations that modern atomic theory can give, it is better than Dalton's Atomic theory.
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