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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 4 months ago
The most important compounds of sodium that are of commercial importance are as follows-
Sodium Carbonate
- It is commonly known as Washing Soda with molecular formula Na2CO3.10H2O.
- It is synthesized by Solvay process. During this process, sodium carbonate is synthesized using sodium chloride and calcium carbonate. Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
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The main source of sodium chloride is sea water.
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Evaporation of sea water is the most common method to obtain sodium chloride.
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Crude sodium chloride is obtained by crystallization of brine solution, containing sodium sulphate, calcium sulphate, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) -
Also known as Caustic Soda.
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The process of formation of sodium hydroxide is known as Castner-Kellner Cell.
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
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It is also known as Baking Soda with a molecular formula, NaHCO3.
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Its decomposition forms carbon-dioxide.
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Sia ? 6 years, 4 months ago
10% w/w solution of glucose in water means that 10 g of glucose in present in 100 g of the solution i.e., 10 g of glucose is present in (100 - 10) g = 90 g of water.
Molar mass of glucose {tex}\left( {{C_6}{H_{12}}{O_6}} \right) = (6 \times 12 )+( 12 \times 1) +( 6 \times 16 )= 180{\rm{ }}g{\rm{ }}mo{l^{ - 1}}{/tex}
Then, number of moles of glucose = {tex}\frac{{10}}{{180}}mol{/tex}
= 0.056 mol
Molality of solution = {tex}\frac{{0.056\,mol}}{{0.09\,kg}}{/tex} = 0.62
Number of moles of water = {tex}\frac{{90\,g}}{{18\,g\,mo{l^{ - 1}}}}{/tex}
= 5 mol
Mole fraction of glucose {tex}({x_g}) = \frac{{0.056}}{{0.056 + 5}}{/tex}
= 0.011
And, mole fraction of water {tex}{x_w} = 1 - {x_g}{/tex}
= 1 - 0.011
= 0.989
If the density of the solution is {tex}1.2\,g\,m{l^{ - 1}}{/tex}, then the volume of the 100 g solution can be given as:
{tex} = \frac{{100\,g}}{{1.2\,g\,m{l^{ - 1}}}}{/tex}
= 83.33 mL
{tex} = 83.33 \times {10^{ - 3}}L{/tex}
{tex}\therefore {/tex} Molarity of the solution = {tex}\frac{{0.056\,mol}}{{83.33 \times {{10}^{ - 3}}L}}{/tex}
=0.67 M
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 4 months ago
Atomic Spectra:
- When an electron jumps amongst energy levels in an atom, energy is emitted or absorbed in the form of electromagnetic radiations and these radiations produce a spectral lines of frequencies(or wavelength) associated with an atom, called atomic spectra
- Spectroscopy is the learning and examination emission and absorption spectra associated with an atom to determine its properties
- Spectral lines are the bright and dark line series that constitute the spectrum associated with an atom
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 4 months ago
A substance's solubility product, Ksp, is the mathematical product of its dissolved ion concentrations with each concentration raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients.
For example the solubility product of ionic compound Ag2S is
Ksp =[Ag+]2[S-2]
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Hybridization is defined as the mixing of the atomic orbitals belonging to the same atom but having slightly different energies so that a redistribution of energy takes place between them resulting in the formation of new orbitals of equal energies and identical shapes. The new orbitals thus formed are known as hybrid orbitals.
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Pk Prajapati 6 years, 4 months ago
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