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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 3 months ago
Dorsiventral leaves are found in dicots. The vertical section of a dorsiventral leaf contains three distinct parts.
[1] Epidermis: Epidermis is present on both the upper surface (adaxial epidermis) and the lower surface (abaxial epidermis). The epidermis on the outside is covered with a thick cuticle. Abaxial epidermis bears more stomata than the adaxial epidermis.
[2] Mesophyll: Mesophyll is a tissue of the leaf present between the adaxial and abaxial epidermises. It is differentiated into the palisade parenchyma (composed of tall, compactly-placed cells) and the spongy parenchyma (comprising oval or round, loosely-arranged cells with inter cellular spaces). Mesophyll contains the chloroplasts which perform the function of photosynthesis.
[3] Vascular system: The vascular bundles present in leaves are conjoint and closed. They are surrounded by thick layers of bundle-sheath cells.
Posted by Aman Rayeen 6 years, 3 months ago
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Pawni Chaudhary 6 years, 3 months ago
Yogita Ingle 6 years, 3 months ago
The first formed xylem elements are called protoxylem, while the later formed primary xylem is called metaxylem.
- In stems, the protoxylem lies towards the centre (pith) and the metaxylem lies towards the periphery of the organ, this type of primary xylem is called endarch.
- In roots, the protoxylem lies towards periphery and metaxylem lies towards the centre, such arrangement of primary xylem is called exarch.
Posted by Birjesh Kumar 6 years, 3 months ago
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Posted by Nikita Chauhan 6 years, 3 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 6 years, 3 months ago
Cell division is a very important process in all living organisms. During the division of a cell, DNA replication and cell growth also take place. All these processes, i.e., cell division, DNA replication, and cell growth, hence, have to take place in a coordinated way to ensure correct division and formation of progeny cells containing intact genomes.
Posted by Nikita Chauhan 6 years, 3 months ago
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Sia ? 6 years, 3 months ago
Plasmolysis is when plant cells lose water after being placed in a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell does. This is known as a hypertonic solution. Water flows out of the cells and into the surrounding fluid due to osmosis.
Mohammad Amaan 6 years, 3 months ago
Posted by Nikita Chauhan 6 years, 3 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
Functions:
- Its functions include the storage, modification and packaging of products in vesicles.
- In some cases, complex sugars may be made from simple sugars in the Golgi apparatus.
- The Golgi apparatus is also involved in the formation of lysosomes, cell wall and plasma membrane.
Posted by Nikita Chauhan 6 years, 3 months ago
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Mohammad Amaan 6 years, 3 months ago
Mohammad Amaan 6 years, 3 months ago
Posted by Nikita Chauhan 6 years, 3 months ago
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Sia ? 6 years, 3 months ago
Plant reproductive system, any of the systems, sexual or asexual, by which plants reproduce. In plants, as in animals, the end result of reproduction is the continuation of a given species, and the ability to reproduce is, therefore, rather conservative, or given to only moderate change, during evolution.
Posted by Nikita Chauhan 6 years, 3 months ago
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Unnati Pragya 6 years, 3 months ago
Posted by Nikita Chauhan 6 years, 3 months ago
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Sia ? 6 years, 3 months ago
| Anaphase of Mitosis | Anaphase I of Meiosis |
| 1. The centromere of every chromosome divides. | 1. The centromere do not divide. |
| 2. Separation of sister chromatids takes place. | 2. Homologus chromosome are separated. |
| 3. Only one chromatids of every chromosome moves to the pole (now called daughter chromosome). | 3. Each homologous pair of chromosomes moves to the pole with both the chromatids. |
| 4. The chromatids moving to one pole are genetically identical to those moving to the opposite pole (Before separation, these are sister chromatids held at a common centromere). | 4. The chromosomes moving to one pole are not genetically indentical to those moving to the opposite pole. |
Posted by Nikita Chauhan 6 years, 3 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
The Golgi apparatus was first described by Camillo Golgi. Golgi apparatus consists of a set of membrane-bounded, fluid filled vesicles, vacuoles and flattened cisternae. Cisternae are usually stacked together (placed one above the other) in parallel rows. Golgi apparatus exists as an extensive network near the nucleus in the animal cells. However, the plant cells contain many freely distributed subunits of Golgi apparatus, called dictyosomes. The Golgi apparatus arises from the membrane of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which in turn, originates from the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. While water is broken down to form oxygen during photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water. The energy from sunlight drives the reaction of carbon dioxide and water molecules to produce sugar and oxygen, as seen in the chemical equation for photosynthesis. Though the equation looks simple, it is carried out through many complex steps.
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A zwitterionic compound or zwitterion is a chemical compound with a positive and a negative formal charge on different atoms and a total net charge of zero. In fact, a zwitterion is not an ion, because the compound as a whole is electronically neutral. Zwitterions are sometimes also called inner salts
Amino acids as zwitterions
Zwitterions in simple amino acid solutions
An amino acid has both a basic amine group and an acidic carboxylic acid group.

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Pawni Chaudhary 6 years, 3 months ago
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