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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
van Niel, C. B. Cornelis Bernardus van Niel was a Dutch microbiologist whose experiments with bacteria helped explain how photosynthesis occurs in plants. Sulfur bacteria particularly interested van Niel, because there was a controversy in the early 1900s concerning the bacteria.
Jan Baptista van Helmont (1580-1644) partially discovered the process of photosynthesis. He grew a willow tree in a weighed amount of soil. ... As the weight of the soil had hardly changed, van Helmont concluded that plant growth cannot only be due to minerals from the soil. Photosynthesis was partially discovered in the 1600's by Jan Baptista van Helmont, a Belgian chemist, physiologist and physician.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years ago
| Glycolysis | Krebs Cycle |
| It is the first step in respiration in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate | Krebs Cycle is the second step of respiration in which it degrades pyruvate into inorganic substances (water and carbon dioxide) |
| Occurs inside the cytoplasm | Occurs inside the mitochondria |
| No carbon dioxide evolved | Carbon dioxide evolved |
| One molecule of glucose liberates 4 ATP molecules through substrate level phosphorylation | Two acetyl residues liberate two ATP and GTP molecules through substrate level phosphorylation |
| Oxygen not required for glycolysis | Oxygen is required for Krebs Cycle |
| Occurs as a linear sequence | Occurs as a cyclic sequence |
| Consumes 2 molecules of ATP for initial phosphorylation of substance molecules | Doesn’t consume ATP |
| Two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH gained for every molecule of glucose broken down | Six molecules of NADH and two molecules of FADH2 for every acetyl-CoA oxidised |
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 1 month ago
Functions of cerebellum:
(i) Cerebellum helps in maintaining the posture and equilibrium of our body.
(ii) It enables us to make precise and accurate movements.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
The DNA double helix has two types of bonds, covalent and hydrogen. Covalent bonds exist within each linear strand and strongly bond bases, sugars, and phosphate groups (both within each component and between components). The nucleotides in a strand of DNA are held together by phosphodiester bonds (a specific type of covalent bond). The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds that form between the nitrogenous bases in one strand and the nitrogenous bases in the other strand. Covalent bonds occur within each linear strand and strongly bond the bases, sugars, and phosphate groups (both within each component and between components). Hydrogen bonds occur between the two strands and involve a base from one strand with a base from the second in complementary pairing.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
Plasmolysis can be defined as the shrinkage of the cytoplasm of a plant cell, away from its cell wall and toward the centre. It occurs because of the movement of water from the intracellular space to the outer-cellular space. This happens when the plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution (i.e., a solution having more solute concentration than the cell cytoplasm). This causes the water to move out of the cell and toward the solution. The cytoplasm of the cell shrinks and the cell is said to be plasmolysed. This process can be observed in an onion peel kept in a highly concentrated salt solution.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
Capillaries are very tiny blood vessels — so small that a single red blood cell can barely fit through them. They help to connect your arteries and veins in addition to facilitating the exchange of certain elements between your blood and tissues. Capillaries are the smallest of the body's blood vessels. They are only one cell thick, and they are the sites of the transfer of oxygen and other nutrients from the bloodstream to other tissues in the body. During early embryonic development new capillaries are formed through vasculogenesis, the process of blood vessel formation that occurs through a de novo production of endothelial cells which then form vascular tubes.
Posted by Sandhya Tiwari 6 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 1 month ago
The state of being turgid or swollen, especially due to high fluid content is called turgidity.
Turgidity is very important to plants as it helps in the maintenance of rigidity and stability of plant tissue
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 1 month ago
- The response of plants to periods of day/night is termed photoperiodism.
- Some plants require the exposure to light for a period exceding a well-defined critical duration known as long day plants, whereas others must be exposed to light for a period less than this critical duration before the flowering is initiated in them, known as short day plants.
- The plants in which there is no correlation between exposure to light duration and induction of flowering response; such plants are called day-neutral plants.
- The site of perception of light/dark duration are the leaves.
- There is a hormonal substance, which migrates from leaves to shoot apices for inducing flowering only when the plants are exposed to the necessary inductive photoperiod.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
Plant transport systems move energy from leaves and raw materials from roots to all their parts. The xylem (tissue) moves water and minerals obtained from the soil to all other parts of the plants. The symplast pathway is where water moves between cytoplasm/vacuoles of adjacent cells. However, the apoplast pathway can only take water a certain way; near the xylem, the Casparian strip forms an impenetrable barrier to water in the cell walls, and water must move into the cytoplasm to continue. Overall, water is transported in the plant through the combined efforts of individual cells and the conductive tissues of the vascular system. ... It is carried upward through the xylem by transpiration, and then passed into the leaves along another water potential gradient.
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Shone Sibichen 6 years, 1 month ago
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