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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 6 months ago
Algae are mainly classified on the basis of their pigments. Flagellation, storage products and chemistry of cell wall are also taken into account. The three classes of algae are Chlorophyceae (green algae), Phaeophyceae (brown algae) and Rhodophyceae (red algae).
- Chlorophyceae: The members of Chlorophyceae are commonly called green algae. The pigments, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, carotene and xanthophyll are present in them. They are usually grass green in colour due to the dominance of pigments i.e.chlorophyll a and b.
- Phaeophyceae: The members of Phaeophyceae are commonly called brown algae. Brown algae are found primarily in marine habitats. They possess the pigments chlorophyll a and c, carotenoids and xanthophylls.
- Rhodophyceae: The members of Rhodophyceae are commonly called Red Algae. The pigments present in them are r-phycoerythrin, r-phycocyanin, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-d. The characteristic red colour is due to the predominance of the red pigment r-phycoerythrin.
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Meghna Thapar 4 years, 5 months ago
Cytoskeleton is the network of protein filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm that controls cell shape, maintains intracellular organization, and is involved in cell movement. Through a series of intercellular proteins, the cytoskeleton gives a cell its shape, offers support, and facilitates movement through three main components: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
Posted by Urmila Bhambu Urmila Bhambu 4 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 6 months ago
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Out of these 23 pairs, 22 pairs are Autosomes and only one pair is the ‘*** Chromosome’, which actively takes part in the process of *** determination.
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 6 months ago
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The Monerans are unicellular organisms.
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They contain 70S ribosomes.
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The DNA is naked and is not bound by a nuclear membrane.
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It lacks organelles like mitochondria, lysosomes, plastids, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, centrosome, etc.
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They reproduce asexually by binary fission or budding.
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The cell wall is rigid and made up of peptidoglycan.
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Flagella serves as the locomotory organ.
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These are environmental decomposers and mineralizers.
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They show different modes of nutrition such as autotrophic, parasitic, heterotrophic, or saprophytic.
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 6 months ago
Inflorescence is the manner in which the flowers are arranged on the flowering axis. During the flowering season, the vegetative apex of the stem gets converted into a floral meristem. Based on whether the floral axis continues to grow or end in a flower, inflorescence is classified into racemose and cymose. In racemose inflorescence, the floral axis continues to grow and produces flowers laterally. On the other hand, in cymose inflorescence, the main axis terminates into a flower. Hence, it is limited in growth.
Posted by Ashwani Singh 4 years, 6 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 4 years, 6 months ago
Filamentous fungi may contain multiple nuclei in a coenocytic mycelium. A coenocyte functions as a single coordinated unit composed of multiple cells linked structurally and functionally, i.e. through gap junctions. Fungal mycelia in which hyphae lack septa are known as "aseptate" or "coenocytic".
Posted by Ashwani Singh 4 years, 6 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 4 years, 6 months ago
Filamentous fungi may contain multiple nuclei in a coenocytic mycelium. A coenocyte functions as a single coordinated unit composed of multiple cells linked structurally and functionally, i.e. through gap junctions. Fungal mycelia in which hyphae lack septa are known as "aseptate" or "coenocytic".
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Meghna Thapar 4 years, 6 months ago
Symbiosis is a close relationship between two different kinds of organisms, or living things. There are three basic types of symbiotic relationships: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Mutualism is a relationship in which both organisms benefit. For example, bacteria live in the digestive system of cows. There are three different types of symbiotic relationships: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
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Meghna Thapar 4 years, 5 months ago
Prions are best known as the infectious agents associated with prion diseases, the hallmark pathological features of which are the spongiform degeneration in the brain, accompanied by extensive neuronal loss, astrogliosis, and cerebral accumulation of the misfolded and protease-resistant form of prion protein. Prions are so small that they are even smaller than viruses and can only be seen through an electron microscope when they have aggregated and formed a cluster. Prions are also unique in that they do not contain nucleic acid, unlike bacteria, fungi, viruses and other pathogens.
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Protozoans are microscopic unicellular eukaryotic organisms with heterotrophic mode of nutrition. Their nutrition may be holozoic, saprobic, or parasitic. These are divided into four major groups.
(1) Amoeboid protozoans or sarcodines
They are unicellular, jelly-like protozoa found in fresh or sea water and in moist soil. Their body lacks a periplast. Therefore, they may be naked or covered by a calcareous shell. They usually lack flagella and have temporary protoplasmic outgrowths called pseudopodia for locomotion. These pseudopodia or false feet help in movement and capturing prey. They include free living forms such as Amoeba or parasitic forms such as Entamoeba.
(2) Flagellated protozoans or zooflagellates
They are free living, non-photosynthetic flagellates without a cell wall. They possess flagella for locomotion and capturing prey. They include parasitic forms such as Trypanosoma, which causes sleeping sickness in human beings and free living forms such as Noctiluca.
(3) Ciliated protozoans or ciliates
They are aquatic individuals that form a large group of protozoa. Their characteristic features are the presence of numerous cilia on the entire body surface and the presence of two types of nuclei. All the cilia beat in the same direction to move the water laden food inside a cavity called gullet. They include organisms such as Paramaecium, Vorticella etc.
(4) Sporozoans
They include disease causing endoparasites and other pathogens. They are uninucleate and their body is covered by a pellicle. They do not possess cilia or flagella. They include the malaria causing parasite Plasmodium.
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