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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
Organisms acquire mutations throughout their lives. These mutations are changes to their genetic code, or DNA. DNA is the molecule that contains an organism's genetic information and codes for specific physical characteristics. However, on occasion, a mutation occurs that is beneficial to an organism. These variations often alter gene activity or protein function, which can introduce different traits in an organism. If a trait is advantageous and helps the individual survive and reproduce, the genetic variation is more likely to be passed to the next generation (a process known as natural selection).
Posted by Sandeep Kumar 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
| Types | Systolic blood pressure | Diastolic blood pressure |
| Definition | The amount of pressure exerts on the arteries and blood vessels. | The pressure which is exerted on the walls of the arteries. |
| Normal Range | In infants -95mmHg. In adults- 90-120 mmHg. Age 6 – 9 –100 mmHg. | In infants–65 mm Hg. In adults– 60-80 mmHg. Age 6 – 9 — 65 mmHg. |
| Ventricles of the Heart | Left ventricles contract | Fill with blood |
| Reading of Blood Pressure | The higher number is systolic pressure. | The lower number is the diastolic pressure. |
| Blood pressure inside the arteries | Maximum | Minimum. |
| Blood vessels | Contracts | Relaxed |
| Associated with the age | Increases with the individual’s age | Decreases with the individual’s age |
| Occurs | Systolic stage occurs when the left ventricle gets contracted. | Diastolic stage occurs when the left ventricle gets relaxed. |
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Viriods are the sub-virals which is the smallest agent of infectious disease.
While Virus infects the plants and animals, viriod affects the plants only.
Common Cold Virus, Influenza virus etc are some of the example of virus. Potato Spindle tuber Viroid is an example of Viroid.
The Genome of virus is DNA and RNA but Viroid is consist of RNA only.
Posted by Helena Rose 5 years, 7 months ago
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Terrestrial animals are either ureotelic or uricotelic, and not ammonotelic. This is because of the following two main reasons:
(a) Ammonia is highly toxic in nature. Therefore, it needs to be converted into a less toxic form such as urea or uric acid.
(b) Terrestrial animals need to conserve water. Since ammonia is soluble in water, it cannot be eliminated continuously. Hence, it is converted into urea or uric acid. These forms are less toxic and also insoluble in water. This helps terrestrial animals conserve water.
Posted by Ashok Kumar 5 years, 7 months ago
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Taxonomical aids are the collections of samples or preserved organisms which help in extensive research for the identification of various taxonomic hierarchy. Classifying organisms into various categories needs a lot of field and laboratory study. This is so important because taxonomic categorization helps in identifying many organisms necessary in various fields like agriculture, industries, bioresources, etc.
The taxonomical Aids are the main source which helps us in studying the relative level of a group of organisms, their taxonomic hierarchy and the taxonomic rank.
Taxonomical Aids are required for:
- Taxonomic studies of various species of plants, animals, and other organisms, which require correct classifications and identification.
- Identification of organisms require laboratory and field studies.
- Museum.
- Herbarium.
- Zoological Parks.
- Botanical Gardens.
Posted by Pruthviraj Pawar 5 years, 7 months ago
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The method of biological classification based on similarities in the structure of certain compounds among the organisms being classified is called chemotaxonomy.
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Amino acids are molecules used to build proteins. All amino acids have a central carbon atom surrounded by a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group (COOH), an amino group (NH2), and an R-group. An amino acid is a carboxylic acid-containing an aliphatic primary amino group in the α position to the carboxyl group and with a characteristic stereochemistry. Proteins are biosynthesized from 20 amino acids in a system involving strict genetic control. Thus, amino acids are the basic unit of proteins. The general linear formula of an amino acid is R-CH(NH2)-COOH. The 20 common amino acids are grouped in classes according to their side chains: Click here for IMGT classes of the 20 common amino acids 'Physicochemical' properties. Twenty Amino acids can be grouped according to the characteristics of the side chains as follows: Aliphatic – alanine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, proline, valine. Aromatic – phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine. Acidic – aspartic acid, glutamic acid.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 7 months ago
|
Mitosis |
Meiosis |
| Each chromosome replicates. The result is two genetically identical sister chromatids | Chromosomes not yet visible but DNA has been duplicated or replicated |
| Prophase I – crossing-over recombination – Homologous chromosomes (each consists of two sister chromatids) appear together as pairs. Tetrad is the structure that is formed. Segments of chromosomes are exchanged between non-sister chromatids at crossover points known as chiasmata (crossing-over) | Prophase –Each of the duplicated chromosomes appears as two identical or equal sister chromatids, The mitotic spindle begins to form. Chromosomes condense and thicken |
| Metaphase I Chromosomes adjust on the metaphase plate. Chromosomes are still intact and arranged as pairs of homologues | Metaphase -The chromosomes assemble at the equator at the metaphase plate |
| Anaphase I Sister chromatids stay intact. However, homologous chromosomes drift to the opposite or reverse poles | Anaphase – The spindle fibres begin to contract. This starts to pull the sister chromatids apart. At the end of anaphase, a complete set of daughter chromosomes is found each pole |
| Asexual Reproduction | Sexual Reproduction |
| Eukaryotic cells | Diploid cells |
| General growth and repair, Cell reproduction | Genetic diversity through sexual reproduction |
Posted by Anushka Negi 5 years, 7 months ago
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Taxonomy is a science that deals with naming, describing and classification of all living organisms including plants. Classification is based on behavioral, genetic and biochemical variations. Characterization, identification, and classification are the processes of taxonomy.Organisms are classified into similar categories namely kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species.
Posted by Diksha Manhas 5 years, 7 months ago
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The plasma membrane of a cell is a network of lipids and proteins that forms the boundary between a cell’s contents and the outside of the cell. It is also simply called the cell membrane. The main function of the plasma membrane is to protect the cell from its surrounding environment. It is semi-permeable and regulates the materials that enter and exit the cell. The cells of all living things have plasma membranes.
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Aman Raza 5 years, 6 months ago
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