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Gaurav Seth 6 years, 10 months ago
botanical gardens
i. They provide plant material for taxonomic studies.
ii. Different species are grown for identification and research.
iii. It helps in the maintenance of the record of the flora.
iv. These provide plants, good environment and care for growth and development.
v. The plants are used to carry out selective breeding to maintain continuity of particular species.
Posted by Divya Tripathy 6 years, 10 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 6 years, 10 months ago
Whenever we touch any object the immediate response of the nervous system is to send signals through nerves to the spinal cord. The neurons then transmit the signal from spinal cord to brain. Brain cells transmit the signal along their axons to the neighboring neurons via synapses. When the information in form of electrical signals reaches the axon’s end the voltage trigger releases the neurotransmitters which are brain’s chemical messengers. The neurotransmitters are traveled across the synapse till they reach potassium ion channels. Potassium ions enter the cells making inside of the cell more positive than outside. When the signal reaches axon terminal calcium ions move inside the cell and vesicles filled with neurotransmitters are expelled out of the cell.
Posted by Kritika Bhargava 6 years, 10 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 6 years, 10 months ago
♦ ENDARCH : Endarch is the arrangement in which the proto xylem is directed towards the centre and meta xylem elements towards the periphery. The development of the xylems in this arrangement follows the centrifugal pattern.
It is the characteristics of the stem of flowering plants.
♦ EXARCH : Whereas exarch is the arrangement in which the proto xylem is directed towards the periphery and meta xylem towards the centre.
The development of the xylem in this arrangement follows the centripetal pattern. It is the characteristics of roots.
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Natasha Sharma 6 years, 10 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
Sapwood is the outer light-colored portion of a tree trunk through which the water passes from the roots to the leaves, and in which excess food is often stored. Heartwood is the central core of the trunk. In most woods, the heartwood can be distinguished from the sapwood by its darker colour. Heartwood has a much lower starch content, and the hollow cells are filled with extractives that are sometimes toxic to fungi and insects giving it much higher durability than sapwood. Sapwood is much less durable than heartwood and often has marginally lower structural properties.
Posted by Sheikh Hisba 6 years, 10 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 6 years, 10 months ago
Polysepalous: The sepals are not fused. Example: Rose and Southern magnolia.
Gamosepalous: The sepals are fused or jointed sepals, either wholly or at the base only. Example: Hibiscus and periwinkle are gamosepalous flowers.
Polypetalous: Flowers having free petals. Example: Rose and Camellia.
Gamopetalous: Flowers have fused or united petals. Example: Bindweed and elderberry flowers have gamopetalous petals.
Posted by Sheikh Hisba 6 years, 10 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
Inflorescences are complex structures with many functions. At anthesis, they present the flowers in ways that allow for the transfer of pollen and optimization of the plant's reproductive success. During flower and fruit development they provide nutrients to the developing flowers and fruits. A type of flowering shoot in which the growing region at the tip of the flower stalk continues to produce new flower buds during growth. As a result, the youngest flowers are at the top and the oldest flowers are at the base of the stalk.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 10 months ago
Chemically the plasma membrane consists of proteins (20-70%), lipids (20-79%), carbohydrates (1-5%) and water (20%). Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are absent in the plasma membrane. The lipids present in the plasma membrane are phospholipids, glycolipids (sugar lipids) and sterols.
Each lipid molecule consists of a three carbon glycerol poles (head) which is hydrophilic (water loving) in nature and two long tails of fatty acids which are hydrophobic (water-fearing) in nature. The hydrophilic glycerol poles of lipid are located towards the outside of the lipid bilayer whereas, the hydrophobic fatty acid tails are repelled by water and face towards the inner side of the membrane. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic forces in lipid molecules cause the membrane to become a bilayer.
Posted by Siddharth Bhardwaj 6 years, 10 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 10 months ago
The mechanism of vision:
i. The light rays in visible wavelength is focussed on the retina through the cornea and lens generate potentials (impulses) in rods and cones.
ii. The photopigments which is composed of opsin and retinal is dissociated into opsin and retinal because of light. .
iii. The change in the structure of the opsin causes changes in the membrane permeability.
iv. A potential differences is generated in the photoreceptor cells which produces signal that generating action potentials in the ganglion cells through the bipolar cells.
v. The action potential is transmitted by the optic nerves to the visual cortex area of the brain, where the neural impulses are analysed and the image is formed on the retina is recognised.
Posted by Siddharth Bhardwaj 6 years, 10 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 10 months ago
- The pinna receives sound waves and directs them to the ear drum.
- The ear drum vibrates, and the vibrations are sent to the ear ossicles in the middle ear.
- The ear ossicles further transmit the vibrations to the oval window.
- The oval window passes the vibrations to the fluid of cochlea and causes vibrations in it.
- The vibrations induce a ripple in the basilar membrane which bends the hair cells, which are pressed against the tectorial membrane.
- This causes the generation of the nerve impulse which is transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerve.
- The impulses are analysed, and the sound is recognised or heard.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 10 months ago
Periderm is composed of the phellogen, phellem, and phelloderm. During secondary growth, the outer epidermal layer and the cortical layer are broken because of the cambium. To replace them, the cells of the cortex turn meristematic, giving rise to cork cambium or phellogen. It is composed of thin-walled, narrow and rectangular cells.
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Manpreet Singh 6 years, 10 months ago
1Thank You