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Gaurav Seth 6 years, 10 months ago
| Direct development | Indirect development |
| It is a type of development in which an embryo develops into a mature individual without involving a larval stage. | It is a type of development that involves a sexually-immature larval stage, having different food requirements than adults. |
| Metamorphosis is absent. | Metamorphosis involving development of larva to a sexually-mature adult is present. |
| It occurs in fishes, reptiles, birds, and mammals. | It occurs in most of the invertebrates and amphibians. |
Posted by Hrithik Jadhav 6 years, 10 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
The continuous process by which nitrogen is exchanged between organisms and the environment is called nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient, needed to make amino acids and other important organic compounds, but most organisms cannot use free nitrogen, which is abundant as a gas in the atmosphere.
Nitrogen cycle involves the following steps:
(i) Nitrogen fixation: This process involves the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates, which are soluble in water. This is done by various nitrogen fixing bacteria. Example - Rhizobium, blue green algae and bacterium Azotobacter.
(ii) Ammonification: It is the process of decomposing complex, dead organic matter into ammonia. This is done by microorganisms living in the soil.
(iii) Nitrification: It is the process of conversion of ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates. This is done by nitrifying bacteria. Example - Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.
(iv) Denitrification: It is the process of reducing nitrates present in the soil to release nitrogen back into the atmosphere. Example - Pseudomonas.
The decomposers help in decomposing the dead bodies of plants and animals, and hence act as cleansing agents of environment. The decomposers also help in putting back the various elements of which the dead plants and animals were made, back into the soil, air and water for reuse by the producers like crop-plants, e.g. the decomposers like purifying bacteria and fungi decompose the dead plants and animal bodies into ammonia. This ammonia is converted into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria present in soil. These nitrates act as fertilizer in the soil and are again absorbed by the plants for their growth. Thus, the nitrates act as fertilizer in the biosphere so that the process of life may go on and on like an unending chain.
Posted by Palak Jahan 6 years, 10 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
Since the ovary of female release one egg every month, therefore, the uterus also prepares every month to receive a fertilised egg. The inner lining of the uterus becomes soft and thick with lots of blood capillaries in it. This preparation is necessary as in case the egg is fertilised by the sperm, it helps to keep the egg and nourish it. If however, the egg is not fertilised, then the thick lining of the uterus is not required and the uterus lining breaks down and comes out through the ****** in the form of blood and mucous. This is called menstruation.
(b) Menstruation cycle in females:
(i) When a girl reaches puberty at the age of 10 – 12 years, the *** hormones released it her blood cause some of the ova in the ovaries to become mature.
(ii) Usually one mature egg is released from the ovary into the oviduct once every 28 days. This is called ovulation.
(iii) Before ovulation, the inner lining of the uterus becomes thick and spongy, and full of blood capillaries, and prepares itself to receive the fertilised egg.
(iv) If the ovum does not get fertilised, then the thick and soft inner lining of the uterus is no longer needed and hence it breaks and the dead ovum comes out from ****** in the form of bleeding called menstruation.
(v) Menstruation usually occurs 14 days after ovulation and usually lasts for 3 to 5 days.
(vi) After menstruation is over, the inner lining of the uterus starts building up again so that it becomes ready to receive the next ovum in case it gets fertilised.
(vii) If the ovum does not get fertilised even now, then the menstruation takes place again and this cycle goes on repeating.
Posted by Harshit Nigam 6 years, 10 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
The natural cycle of physical, mental, and behavior changes that the body goes through in a 24-hour cycle. Circadian rhythms are mostly affected by light and darkness and are controlled by a small area in the middle of the brain. A circadian rhythm is a natural, internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours. It can refer to any biological process that displays an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of about 24 hours.
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Čůťê Ğīřł ? ? 6 years, 10 months ago
Gudla Kalkish 6 years, 10 months ago
Yogita Ingle 6 years, 10 months ago
| Cell Wall | Smooth and single layered | Wavy and double layered |
| Cell Wall thickness | 20 to 80 nanometres | 8 to 10 nanometres |
| Peptidoglycan Layer | Thick | Thin |
| Teichoic acids | Present | Absent |
| Outer membrane | Absent | Present |
| Porins | Absent | Occurs in Outer Membrane |
| Mesosome | It is more prominent. | It is less prominent. |
| Morphology | Cocci or spore-forming rods | Non-spore forming rods. |
| Flagella Structure | 2 rings in basal body | 4 rings in basal body |
| Lipid content | Very low | 20 to 30% |
| Lipopolysaccharide | Absent | Present |
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 10 months ago
Protozoans have no excretory organs. The metabolic waste products i.e. ammonia is passed out by diffusion through the cell membrane in surrounding water. They carry out the process of excretion with the help of contractile vacuoles.
Posted by Mike Tripathi 6 years, 10 months ago
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Gudla Kalkish 6 years, 10 months ago
Yogita Ingle 6 years, 10 months ago
Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate family which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals. It acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to decrease the feeling of pain. It can be given by mouth, by injection into a muscle, by injection under the skin, intravenously, injection into the space around the spinal cord
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
Presence or absence of a cavity between the body wall and the gut wall is very important in classification. The body cavity which is lined by mesoderm is called coelom. (i) Animals possessing coelom are called coelomata, e.g., annelids, molluscs, arthropods, echinoderms, hemichordates and chordates. (ii) In some animals, the body cavity is not mesoderm, instead the mesoderm is present as scattered pouches in between the ectoderm and endoderm. Such a body cavity is called pseudocoelom and the animals possessing them are called pseudocoelomates, e.g., Aschelminthes. (iii) The animals in which the body cavity is absent are known as Acoelomates, e.g., Platyhelminthes.
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Harshit Nigam 6 years, 10 months ago
2Thank You