After the defeat of the French ,the Vietnamese were persuaded to accept the division of the country.North and South were split:Ho Chi Minh and the communist took the power in the North while BaoDai's regime was put in power in the south.

The division set in motion a series of events and turned Vietnam into a battlefield bringing death and destruction to its people as well as the envioronment.

The Bao Dai regime was soon overthrown by the coup led by Ngo Dinh Diem.

Diem built a repressive and authoritarian government and whoever opposed him was called a communist and was jailed and killed.

His dictatorial rule came to be opposed by broad opposition united under the banner of National Liberation Front.

Ho Chi Minh and NLF united to fight for the unification of the country.US got feared with this alliance and entered into the war.

Sustainable development is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals while at the same time sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend.

Features of Sustainable Development:

*There should be a sustained rise in real per capita income and economic welfare on long term basis.

*Rational Use of Natural Resources without exploiting them.

*Preserving the natural resources for future generations.

*Opting for alternate resources.
 

The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule. It was led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. It aimed to resist British rule in India through nonviolent means. Protestors would refuse to buy British goods, adopt the use of local handicrafts and picket liquor shops.The non-cooperation movement was launched on 1st August, 1920.

 The Civil Disobedience Movement  was started with Dandi March (also Salt march, Salt satyagraha) by Mahatma Gandhi on 12th March, 1930. Practically the whole country became involved in it. Hartals put life at a standstill. There were large-scale boycotts of schools, colleges and offices. Foreign goods were burnt in bonfires. People stopped paying taxes. 

Consequences of green revolution:

The Green Revolution was a period when the productivity of global agriculture increased drastically as a result of new advances.

During this time period, new chemical fertilizers and synthetic herbicides and  pesticides were created.

 Due to the rise in use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, there was a negative effect on the soil and the land (land degradation)

Women played an equally important role as the men in the anti-imperial struggle in Vietnam. Women who rebelled against social conventions were idolised and rebel women of the past were likewise celebrated. Trieu Au, who lived in the third century CE, was a popular figure in nationalist tales. In the 1960s, women were represented as brave soldiers and workers. They assisted in nursing wounded soldiers, constructing roads and underground tunnels as well as fighting the enemy. Between 1965 and 1975, 70-80% of the youth working on the Ho Chi Minh trail were women.

The Civil Disobedience Movement was different from the Non-Cooperation Movement. The main differences between these two movements are
(i) The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in 1921 by Gandhiji, but the Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in 1930.
(ii) The Non-Cooperation Movement started with middle class participation whereas the Civil Disobedience Movement was first supported by the Industrialists like GD Birla, Purshottamdas Thakur.
(iii) Due to Khalifa issues Muslim community participated in Non-Cooperation on large scale. But the growing proximity of the Congress party and Hindu Mahasabha prevented the Muslims to participate in Civil Disobedience Movement.
(iv) The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn by Gandhiji due to violent incident at Chauri Chaura.
But the Civil Disobedience Movement was withdrawn in 1931, when Gandhi signed ‘Gandhi-Irwin’ pact.
(v) In Non-Cooperation Movement, Women did not participate in large scale. But large scale participation of women is one of the most significant features of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Biological warfare refers to a war using viruses, bacteria or pathogens as its weapons. These weapons are intended to kill, incapacitate or impair a human being. A nation or group that can pose a credible threat of mass casualty has the ability to alter the terms on which other nations or groups interact with it. Biological weapons allow for the potential to create a level of destruction and loss of life far in excess of nuclear, chemical or conventional weapons, relative to their mass and cost of development and storage. Therefore, biological agents may be useful as strategic deterrents in addition to their utility as offensive weapons on the battlefield

Irrigation sources in towns rely on upon the geography of the district.

Here are a few practices in India.

1. Rivers: Dams enormous, little or weirs are worked crosswise over for the most part by group exertion (that incorporates government) and broad trench organize brings water level where it streams into ranches. Gatherings of ranchers need to dig channels into their fields. In places where the ranch is minimal over the channel, "Aethamu" is utilized, worked by a solitary individual is the practice in coastal Andhra Pradesh.

2. Ponds: Also called "tanks" or 'supplies'. On the lower level of the striking (ground) on which it is found, a divider ('bund') is worked to hold the water. In the divider, channels are fitted for irrigation to fields underneath.

3. Wells: They come in all sizes and shapes. In eastern Deccan there are step wells, cubic hollows scooped out of shake fifty feet or more profound.

On the off chance that we discuss changes in the cropping patterns in India in the most recent decades then they are the following:

1. Among grains, wheat and paddy are being developed more as a result of high MSP that these harvests bring.

2. There is a steady and detectable move from developing sustenance grains to the development of organic products, vegetables, oilseeds, and industrial crops.

This type of farming is practiced in densely populated areas. This involves high degree of use of biochemical inputs and irrigation. There is huge pressure of population on this type of farming.

Problems of Intensive Farming: Division of land through successive generation leads to plot size getting smaller and smaller. This makes it impossible to properly manage the farm inputs. Moreover, large-scale farming is not possible in that case.

This type of farming is practised in areas of high population pressure on land.
. It is labour-intensive farming where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.
. This type of farming is practised in the states of U.P., Haryana, Bihar, etc.

Prudential reasons: power sharing avoids social conflicts.social conflicts lead to violence and political instability.so by adopting power sharing we can avoid political instability.in india reservations are done to sc and st communities so that they feel that they are part of the nation.
Moral resons : power sharing is the spirit of democracy.a true democratic governance include the wish of the people. people can form associations to critize the govt. policies which makes govt. to rethink about its policies this active paticipation is only possible because of moral reasons of power sharing.

(i) For a large number of small producers, globalisation has posed major problems. These producers were not able to free the competition from large foreign producers and hence several of such production units had to shut down, rendering workers jobless.
(ii) Workers in MNCs are employed on* temporary basis . and laid off without any compensation during the slack period.