The German middle class decided to vote for an all - German National Assembly in 1848, and hence came to Frankfurt. Around 1831 persons were elected. They comprised the National Assembly. The assembly decided to organize Frankfurt Parliament in the church of St. Paul. Thus, on 18th May, 1848 the famous Frankfurt Parliament was convened. The assembly decided that the German nation would be a monarchy controlled by Parliament, and offered this term to the Prussian King. But he rejected it and joined other monarchs to oppose the elected assembly. The parliament faced strong opposition from aristocracy and military. The Parliament was dominated by the middle class who resisted the demands of workers and artisans. As a result of this the middle class lost their mass support. Ultimately, the monarchy and military combined together with aristocracy, won over the liberal nationalist middle class and the assembly was forced to disband.
Therefore, the Frankfurt Parliament is famous in history as a failure of liberalism and victory of monarchy.

In the German regions a large number of political associations whose members were middle-class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artisans came together in the city of Frankfurt and decided to vote for an all-German National Assembly. On 18 May 1848, 831 elected representatives marched in a festive procession to take their places in the Frankfurt parliament convened in the church of St Paul. They drafted a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament. While the opposition of the aristrocracy and military became stronger, the social basis of parliament eroded. In the end troops were called in and the assembly was forced to disband.

Labour unions or trade unions are organizations formed by workers from related fields that work for the common interest of its members. They help workers in issues like fairness of pay, good working environment, hours of work and benefits. They represent a cluster of workers and provide a link between the management and workers.

1 .Colonialism is a term where a country conquers and rules over other regions. Imperialism means creating an empire, expanding into the neighbouring regions and expanding its dominance far.
2. In Colonialism, one can see great movement of people to the new territory and living as permanent settlers. Imperialism is just exercising power over the conquered regions either through sovereignty or indirect mechanisms of control.

 An independent Judiciary is an essential part of a federal system. As such, disputes regarding the interpretation of the Constitution and the division of powers between centre and the states necessitate an impartial Judiciary.

The Bretton Woods Conference was held in July of 1944 at Bretton Woods in New Hampshire, USA. Under this system, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), popularly known as the World Bank were established to preserve global economic stability and full employment in the industrialised world.
The IMF and the World Bank are referred to as the Bretton Woods Institutions or Bretton Woods twins.

Home Charges  are the interests of India’s external debts and the payments of the salaries and pensions of British officials in India are what the Home Charges comprised of.  The trade surplus was used to make these payments or the payments for the Home Charges.

International Monetary Fund (IMF) came into existence in 1945 with an aim to evolve an orderly international monetary system, i.e., facilitating system of international payments and adjustments in exchange rates among national currencies. Its headquarters is located in Washington DC. In 2005, it had 191 countries as its members.
The World Bank was initially created to help with economic development. It was originally formed shortly after World War II in an effort to rebuild the economies of war-torn countries, but its mission is now global in scope. The general mission of the World Bank is to provide long-term financing for economic development.

NIEO is the New International Economic Order. NIEO was a set of proposals put forward during the 1970s by the developing countries .
The International Bank for Reconstitution and Development (popularly known as World Bank) was set up as a result of the decision taken in Bretton Woods Conference New Hampshire. The I.B.R.D. or World Bank was set up on December 27, 1945.

(1) After the First World War, Britain lost its earlier position of dominance in the Indian market, and  internationally it failed to compete with Japan whose economy was growing higher.
(2) Moreover, to deal with war expenditures, Britain had borrowed liberally from the US. This meant that, at the end of the War, Britain was under huge external debts.
(3) The War gave rise to an economic boom, that is, a huge increase in demand, production and employment. When the war boom ended, production went down  and unemployment increased.
(4) At the same time, the British government reduced unnecessary war expenditures stream line with peacetime revenues. These developments led to huge job losses. 

 (i) Temperature : It is a kharif crop which requires high temperature, and high humidity. This means monthly temperature of about 25°C with minor variation during the sowing, growing and harvesting season, is suitable for the growth of the plant.
(ii) Rainfall : Rice needs abundant rainfall, i.e., more than 100 cm. It can grow in areas with less rainfall, but with assured irrigation. Rice is grown in Punjab and Haryana with the help of irrigation.
(iii) Soil : Rice can grow in a variety of soils including silts, loams and gravels, but it is grown best in alluvial soil with a sub-soil of impervious clay. Areas of production : Rice is cultivated in almost all the states of India, but most of its cultivation is concentrated in the river valleys, deltas of rivers and the coastal plains.

Power sharing in simple words is sharing of responsibility & powers among diffent organ of govenment.Power sharing is a strategy for resolving disputes over who should have the powerful position in the social hierarchy.There is horizontal and vertical division of powers.Horizontal division implies power is shared among different organs of the government such as the legislature,executive and judiciary.Vertical division implies power is shared by the government in centre,state and village level.

Power sharing is desirable because of two main reasons. They are

• Prudential reason: It reduces any chances of conflicts between social groups. By avoiding conflicts, political stability and unity of the country can be maintained. Dictatorship of the majority community can be oppressive for the minority and can even wreck the majority community as well.
• Moral reason: Power sharing is the true spirit of democracy. Every section of community has the right to be consulted on how they are to be governed. Governance should be carried out keeping in mind the larger interests of each section of the community.

(i) By 1890, a global agricultural economy had taken shape. It was accompanied by complex changes in labour movement patterns, capital flows, ecologies and technology.
(ii) Food no longer came from a nearby village or town, but from thousands of miles away. Forests were cleared by agricultural labourers of other countries and the land tilled and cultivated by them.
(iii) Railways were specially built to carry the migrant labourers for this purpose or ships to carry labour again could be manned by low paid workers of Europe, Asia, Africa and the Caribbeans.
(iv) As a result of this economy, self-sufficiency of food production almost ended.
(v) As urban centres expanded and grew the demand for agricultural products increased pushing up food grain prices. Food now could be imported from other countries in large cargo ships.

The Scholars Revolt started in 1868 against French control and the spread of Christianity.
It was led by officials at the imperial court angered by the spread of Catholicism and
French power.