In Japanese art, the term Ukiyo-e ("pictures of the floating world") is commonly used to describe woodblock prints and paintings from the period (c.1670-1900). Due to their cheap price and attractive appearance, these Japanese woodcuts became hugely popular with ordinary townspeople in the metropolitan culture of Edo (Tokyo), during the second half of the 17th century. The prints usually depicted landscapes, tales from history, scenes from the Kabuki theatre, as well as courtesans, geisha and other aspects of everyday city life. If initially considered ephemeral and vulgar, Ukiyo-e became the dominant art movement in Japan during the period, where it was appreciated above all as a colourful form of decorative art. It was also the principal type of printmaking in the country. By the 1860s, large quantities of inexpensive Japanese prints and other artifacts were arriving in European ports.

In addition to erosion,Land degradation reduces soil quality which affects other aspects of agriculture. These impacts include compaction, loss of soil structure, nutrient degradation, and soil salinity. These are very real and at times severe issues. The effects of soil erosion go beyond the loss of fertile land.

• Conservation of resources is important because the minerals and the non – renewable  resources like coal need conservation for the future generation to use.
• They are in  limited amount and can be exhausted.
• Awareness should be spread about the  imporatance of resources and strict laws should be enforced.
• One of the methods  of soil conservation is terrace farming.

The caste barriers breaking down in India,,, some important reasons are.
(1) Due to the economic development,
(2) large scale, urbanization,
(3) growth of literacy and education and occupational mobility caste system is disappearing.
Due to the weakening of position of landlords in the villages caste system has declined.

• The transformation of Great Britain into a nation state was not a sudden process. There was no one British nation before the eighteenth century.
• People residing in the British Isles were mainly English, Welsh, Scots and Irish. These ethnic groups had distinct political and social traditions.
• As the English nation grew in wealth and power, it began to dominate the other islands.
• In 1688, the English Parliament seized power from the monarchy. The Parliament passed the Act of Union, 1707, by which England and Scotland were unified resulting in the formation of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’.
• The Parliament was dominated by the English, and the political and cultural identities of the Scots were systematically suppressed. The Catholics in Scotland were brutally suppressed whenever they wanted to regain their independence.
• Ireland was inhabited by the Protestants and the Catholics. The English supported the Protestants and established their rule with their help and support. Catholics, who constituted a majority in Ireland, revolted against the British on numerous occasions but were suppressed.
• Ireland forcibly became a part of Britain in 1801. The English language dominated, and both Scotland and Ireland were subordinate to England.

This is a strange case because the formation of nation states in Great Britain was not a result of a sudden upheaval or revolution. It was rather a result of long-drawn-out process.

1. The fight between big European powers like Prussia(fought for unification of Germany)
2. Sardinia-peidmomt (Italian princely state fought with Habsburg,papal state,spaninsh rulers.
3. Women demands for their participation in decision making forum.

The two provinces, Nghe An and Ha Tinh were called the electrica lfuses in vietanam because they were the first to be adversely affected during any uprisal or protest against the French.
The Vietnamese suffered Great Depression in the 1930s. This led to fall in the prices of rubber and rice, rise in rural debts, unemployment and rural uprisings. Since the provinces of Nghe An and Ha Tinh got the roughest end of this deal and had an old radical tradition, whenever the colonial system came under pressure, these regions were the first to rise up in rebellion. Hence, they were referred to 'electrical fuses' of Vietnam. 

A provisional government declared independence on October 4th, 1830. On November 3th of the same year, a National Congress was elected by an electorate of 30,000 men, who paid a given level of taxes or who had special qualifications. On February 7th, 1831 the national congress adopted a constitution which, for its time, was very progressive.

The impact of globalisation has not been uniform.
(i) Globalisation and greater competition among producers-both local and foreign producers-have been of advantage to consumers, particularly the well-off sections in the urban areas. There is greater choice before these consumers who now enjoy improved quality and lower prices for several products. As a result, these people today, enjoy much higher standards of living than was possible earlier.
(ii)Government has also allowed flexibility in the labour laws to attract foreign investment. Instead of hiring workers on a regular basis, companies hire workers ‘flexibly’ for short periods when there is intense pressure of work. This is done to reduce the cost of labour for the company.

“The impact of globalisation has not been uniform”. The truth of this statement can be verified if we observe the impact of MNCs on domestic producers and the industrial working class. Small producers of goods such as batteries, capacitors, plastics, toys, tyres, dairy products and vegetable oil have been hit hard by competition from cheaper imports. Also, workers are now employed “flexibly” in the face of growing competition. This has reduced their job security. Efforts are now on to make globalisation “fair” for all since it has become a worldwide phenomenon.

The "Treaty of Constantinople of 1832" recognised Greece as an independent nation. The Treaty of Constantinople is  the treaty that recognized Greece as an independent nation. The treaty took place in the year 1832

(i) Soil forming factors are Relief, Parent rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time.
(ii) Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of the decomposers etc. contribute to the formation of soil chemical and organic.
(iii) Changes which takes place in the soil are also equally important.
(iv) Soil also consists of organic matter (humus) and inorganic materials.

(i) Soil forming factors are Relief, Parent rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time.
(ii) Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of the decomposers etc. contribute to the formation of soil chemical and organic.
(iii) Changes which takes place in the soil are also equally important.
(iv) Soil also consists of organic matter (humus) and inorganic materials.

• The Dandi march was undertaken by Gandhiji and about 78 of his followers, starting from Sabarmati Ashram near Ahmedabad.
• The Satyagrahis set out on foot, for the coastal village of Dandi, Gujarat, about 240 miles away.
• The walk lasted for 23 days and passed through 48 villages.
• The marchers were received with great enthusiasm and the support from the masses was very evident.
• During the course of the journey, thousands of Satyagrahis joined the walk, including leaders like Sarojini Naidu.
• He encouraged his followers to start making salt wherever it was most convenient and comfortable to them.This symbolic act of salt making sparked the larger Civil Disobedience Movement across the nation. It had a significant impact on the British government and their attitudes towards Indians and India’s independence. For the first time, a large numbers of common Indians joined the fight for independence, and it garnered worldwide attention.
• The British considered the Dandi March and the making of salt by Gandhiji as a breach of the salt laws.
• Consequently, he was arrested on the midnight of May 4, 1930. The Satyagraha against the salt tax continued for almost a year, in which over 80,000 Indians were jailed.
• The movement ended after almost a year with Gandhi's release from jail and negotiations with Viceroy Lord Irwin.
• While the movement did not result in any immediate concessions by the British, it marked a major milestone and turning point in India’s fight for freedom.

It is true that resource planning is essential for sustainable existence of all life forms. This is so because all resources are limited and the needs of future generation must also be kept in mind.So proper planning of resources will help in conservation and efficient utilisation without any wastage. It will help in making the environment pollution free and balance the ratio of demand and supply.It will make the existence of all life forms including plants and animals secured and help them from getting extinct.

Congress of Vienna was hosted by Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich in 1815. 

The following changes were made: 

(i) The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power and France lost the territories it had annexed.
(ii) A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent the French expansion in future. Thus, the kingdom of the Netherlands, which included Belgium, was set up in the North and Genoa was added to Piedmont in the South.
(iii) Prussia was given important new territories on its. Western frontiers, while Austria was given control of Northern Italy.
(iv) The German confederation of 39 states that had been set up by Napoleon was left untouched.

1. The leader of the Dalits was Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
2. Depressed Classes Association (1930) 

• Social divisions of one kind or the other exist in most of the countries. It doesn’t matter whether the country is small or big.
• India is a vast country with many communities. Belgium is a small country with many communities.
• Even countries like Germany and Sweden, which were highly homogenous, are undergoing rapid change with the influx or coming of people from other countries.Migrants bring with them their own culture and tend to form a different social community. So most of the countries in the world are multi-cultural

1. Manchester is an industrially developed region in United Kingdom.
2. Its famous for cotton & textiles.

This may help you.

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is an autonomous public body constituted on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance of 28 September 1993. It was given a statutory basis by the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (TPHRA).

Industrial sector provides the basic inputs to the agricultural sector such as tractor, harvesting machines, fertilisers are a few basic inputs that are used by the agricultural sector. Wheras agriculture provides basic raw material to the industrial sector, e.g., cotton,sugarcane. The industrial sector provides employment to the excess labour (disguised unemployees) in the agricultural sector. Agricultural sector provides labour to the industrial sector. Agricultural sector provides market to the industrial sector. It means that the people engaged in agriculture consume the products produced by the industries. For example tooth paste, soap washing powder etc. Agricultural sector feeds the industrial labourers, which keeps them healthy, and thereby makes them more productive.The support that agriculture provides to the industries is the wage goods (food grains). Both the agricultural and industrial sector are mutually dependent on each other. In case of good harvest, the farmers have high incomes, which they use to demand more industrial goods. For example, during good harvests, many farmers buy new elctronic goods, clothes, etc. Similarly, when the people engaged in the industrial sector experience good income, they demand higher quantities of food grains.