It is begar* . Ch 3 Nationalism in India.

Begar is a practice where the worker is forced to render services to the merchant free of cost.

• People can play a healthy role in promoting and achieving globalisation.
• As everyone has not benefitted from globalisation , it is the duty of people to play a role in promoting fair globalisation.
• The people are the actual changers in globalisation.
• People with skills and education will make best use of opportunities,so they have to enhance their skill for making use of the opportunities.
• Small producers can improve their performance and can become strong enough to compete.
• They play important role through their campaigning or through the representation by various organisations  by influencing important decisions related to trade and investment at WTO.

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It is a living document, an instrument which makes the government system work. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world, 
containing 449 articles in 25 parts, 12 schedules, 5 appendices and 101 Amendments.

Not all forms of social differences lead to social division. It depends upon the social circumstances and the combination of social differences with other form of differences. E.g. combination of race and economic backwardness would constitute social difference leading to social division. However, it varies from place to place. While language or region may be a form of social difference leading to social division in one society, it may not occur in another society due to different prevailing conditions.

 Taking the example of several countries we can explain it -

1)India is a large country where different people from different places live together...

2)similarly, Belgium is a small country where different communities live together.

3)Even some homogeneous countries ie, haing the same community, religion people, are undergoing rapid change due to migration of people from different countrie and communities ..

4)The people bring with them their own culture and form  a community of their own there ..

5)Thus we can say that every social difference doesnt lead to social division

The Greek War of Independence mobilized nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe in 1830-1848.

It turs social division into political division and lead to conflict violence and even disintegration of a country.
Northern Ireland:This region of United Kingdom has been for many year site of violence and bitter ethnic political conflict. It was only in 1998, that the UK Government and the Nationalists reached a peace treaty after which the latter suspended their armed struggle.
In Yugoslavia: The story did not have a happy end. Political competition along religious and ethnic lines led to the disintegration of Yugoslavia into six independent countries.

Bharat Mata is a work painted by the Indian painter Abanindranath Tagore in 1905. The work depicts Bharat Mata, or Mother India, in the style of a Hindu Goddess.

The motive of public sector activities is to make a profit and also provide essential services. The services provided by the government through the public sector are: Community, support services etc.

A wide variety of social groups responded tro the call of Swaraj given by Mahatma Gandhi during the Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement. Inevitably, each of their interpetations of the concept of Swaraj differd from one another. 

In the cities, students left government controlled educational institutions, teaching professionals resigned, and lawyers gave up their practices. Also, in many provinces except Madras, council elections were boycotted. Foreign manufactured goods were boycotted, liquor shops were picketed, and foreign cloth was thrown into huge bonfires. In many places merchants and traders refused to conduct commerece in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.

• Giuseppe Garibaldi was born on July 4, 1807 and died on June 2, 1882.
• He was an Italian general and politician.
• He had an immense role in the unification of Italy.
• He was associated with movement of Italian Risorgimento (Unification of Italy) and commanded several military campaigns for the purpose.
• He led several military campaigns in Brazil, Uruguay and other parts of Europe as well.
• He played a huge role in amassing armed volunteers for Risorgimento that led to the consolidation of the different states of the Italian peninsula into a single state. 

The advantages of industrial decentralisation in India can lead to the following:

• Openings to a number of occupations
• Decentralisattion of wealth
• Creation of employment
• Remedy to poverty
• Balancing of regional disparity
• Shrinking of income disparity

1.To increase the rice cultivation in the Mekong delta region.
2.And by 1931,Vietnam became 3rd largest exporter of rice in the world.

A. History - Outline Political Map of India

Lesson-3 Nationalism in India – (1918 – 1930). For locating and labelling / Identification.

1. Indian National Congress Sessions: Calcutta (Sep. 1920), Nagpur (Dec. 1920), Madras (1927), Lahore (1929)

2. Important Centres of Indian National Movement (Non-cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movement)

(i) Champaran (Bihar) - Movement of Indigo Planters
(ii) Kheda (Gujrat) - Peasant Satyagrah
(iii) Ahmedabad (Gujarat) - Cotton Mill Workers Satyagraha
(iv) Amritsar (Punjab) - Jallianwala Bagh Incident
(v) Chauri Chaura (U.P.) - calling off the Non Cooperation Movement
(vi) Dandi (Gujarat) - Civil Disobedience Movement

B. Geography - Outline Political Map of India

Chapter 1: Resources and Development

Identification only: Major soil Types.

Chapter 3: Water Resources

Locating and Labelling –

Dams:

• (1) Salal
• (2) Bhakra Nangal
• (3) Tehri
• (4) Rana Pratap Sagar
• (5) Sardar Sarovar
• (6) Hirakud
• (7) Nagarjuna Sagar
• (8) Tungabhadra. (Along with rivers)

Chapter 4: Agriculture

Identification only
(a) Major areas of Rice and Wheat.
(b) Largest / Major producer states of Sugarcane; Tea; Coffee; Rubber; Cotton and Jute.

Chapter: 5 Mineral and Energy Resources.

Minerals: (Identification only)

• (I) Iron ore mines: Mayurbhanj, Durg, Bailadila, Bellary, Kudremukh
• (II) Mica mines: Ajmer, Beawar, Nellore, Gaya, Hazaribagh
• (III) Coal mines: Raniganj, Jharia, Bokaro, Talcher, Korba, Singrauli, Singareni, Neyvali
• (IV) Oil Fields: Digboi, Naharkatia, Mumbai High, Bassien, Kalol, Ankaleshwar
• (V) Bauxite Deposits: The Amarkantak plateau, Maikal hills, The plateau region of Bilaspur- Katni, Orissa Panchpatmali deposits in Koraput district
• (VI) Mica deposits: The Chota Nagpur plateau. Koderma Gaya – Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand, Ajmer, Nellore mica belt

Power Plants: (Locating and Labelling only)

• (a) Thermal: Namrup, Talcher, Singrauli, Harduaganj, Korba, Uran, Ramagundam, Vijaywada, Tuticorin
• (b) Nuclear: Narora, Rawat Bhata, Kakrapara, Tarapur, Kaiga, Kalpakkam

Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries Locating and Labelling Only

(1) Cotton Textile Industries

• Mumbai
• Indore
• Ahmedabad
• Surat
• Kanpur
• Coimbatore
• Madurai

(2) Iron and Steel Plants

• Burnpur
• Durgapur
• Bokaro
• Jamshedpur
• Raurkela
• Bhilai
• Vijaynagar
• Bhadravati
• Vishakhapatnam
• Salem

(3) Software Technology Parks

• Mohali
• Noida
• Jaipur
• Gandhinagar
• Indore
• Mumbai
• Pune
• Kolkata
• Bhubaneshwar
• Vishakhapatnam
• Hyderabad
• Bangalore
• Mysore
• Chennai
• Thiruvanantapuram

Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy.

Identification Only: Golden Quadrilateral, North-South Corridor, East-West Corridor.

National Highways

• NH-1
• NH-2
• NH-7

Locating and Labelling:

Major Ports:

• Kandla
• Mumbai
• Jawahar Lal Nehru
• Marmagao
• New Mangalore
• Kochi
• Tuticorin
• Chennai
• Vishakhapatnam
• Paradip
• Haldia
• Kolkata

International Airports

• Amritsar (Raja Sansi)
• Delhi (Indira Gandhi International)
• Mumbai (Chhatrapati Shivaji)
• Thiruvanantapuram (Nedimbacherry)
• Chennai (Meenam Bakkam)
• Kolkata (Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose)
• Hyderabad (Rajiv Gandhi)