The consumer movement in India has led to the formation of various organisations locally known as consumer forums or consumer protection councils.
Following are the importance or functions of consumer forums
(i) They guide consumers on how to file cases in the consumer court.
(ii) On many occasions, they also represent individual consumers in the consumer courts.
(iii) These voluntary organisations also receive financial support from the government for creating awareness among the people.
(iv) It works for the protection of the consumer rights.
(v) It imparts knowledge about consumer rights by writing articles and getting it published in newspaper.

Renaissance in the system and process of functioning of political parties and leaders will act as a social crusader to revamp the development of the nation-State and reincarnate the prosperity of each and every stakeholder of the State. I would suggest the following five prime reforms that can be brought in our ideology, idea, structure, and process with regard to political parties and leaders in India:
(1) There can be leader-based politics rather than petty party politics. In this way, we can have better and able leadership.
(2) There can be a strict audit of the process and functioning of the political parties by an independent centralised agency.
(3) There shall be ascertainment of eligibility to get enrolled into any political party.
(4) The Right to Information Act, 2005 must be given wide and powerful privileges to scrutinise the functioning and working of the political parties.
(5) There shall be safeguards and compliance to them as per stricter rules under the Representation of People Act, 1951.

Isi

Tq bro

French persons appointed citizens of Vietnam to kill the rats and show them the tails of rats and get a little profit

The RBI supervises the functioning of banks in this manner -
1) It sees whether the banks are maintaining a minimum cash balance of the deposits.

2)  It makes sure that people from all backgrounds receive loans and not only the rich, powerful businessman and traders.

3) The above point is made sure by periodical statements given by the banks to the RBI that contains information about to whom the bank has given loan, at which interest the loan was given,etc.

Transport plays an important role in the economy. Because of transport raw materials reach the factory and finished products reach to the consumer. The pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Therefore, efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development.

Roadways: India has one of the largest road networks in the world, aggregating to about 2.3 million km at present. In India, roadways have preceded railways. They still have an edge over railways in view of the ease with which they can be built and maintained.
Railways: Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. Railways also make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer distances. Apart from an important means of transport the Indian Railways have been a great integrating force for more than 150 years. Railways in India bind the economic life of the country as well as accelerate the development of the industry and agriculture.

Pipelines:Pipeline transport network is a new arrival on the transportation map of India. In the past, these were used to transport water to cities and industries. Now, these are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants. Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry. The far inland locations of refineries like Barauni, Mathura, Panipat and gas based fertilizer plants could be thought of only because of pipelines. Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are minimal. It rules out trans-shipment losses or delays.

To get swaraj in India

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• Need for Starting Non-Cooperation Movement
• Young Muslim leaders like Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali approached Gandhiji about the possibility of a united movement against the British rule. Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the- umbrella of a unified national movement. Gandhiji thought through the Non-cooperation Movement, British rule in India would collapse within a year and Swaraj would come. Thus, at the congress session in Nagpur in December 1920, the Non-Cooperation programme was finalised and Gandhiji launched the Non-Cooperation Movement.
• The Non-Cooperation Movement spread from the cities to the countryside. Different sections of our society interpreted this movement differently. The name of Gandhiji invoked to sanction all actions and aspirations.
• Gandhiji call off Non-Cooperation Movement
• In 1922, the Chauri Chaura incident where 22-23 policemen’ died due to violent clash between people and police disheartened Gandhiji deeply and he called off the movement. He did not tolerate violence at any cost.

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 Giuseppe Mazzini was sent to exile in 1831 as he attempt a revolution in Liguria and due to his revolutionary activities and his vision of democratic republics which frightened the conservatives.. Also he led another revolution in 1948 in sardinia piedmont to unify italy into one nation state REPUBLIC headed by a elected leader but that was also supressed and he was sent to prison.

but what are the reasons

THE REASONS FOR SO MUCH CORRUPTION IN OUR COUNTRY INDIA IS DUE TO THE FOLLOWING REASONS

Three Components of a Political Party
(i) The Leaders: Every political party has some prominent leaders who formulate policies and programmes of the party and choose candidates for contesting elections.
(ii) The Active Members: They are involved in different committees of the party and participate directly in their activity.
(iii) The Followers: They believe in the party’s ideology and support the party by casting their votes in favour of the party at the time of election.

• The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development was set up to finance post-war reconstruction. This is popularly known as the World Bank. The IMF and World Bank are often referred to as Bretton Woods Institutions. The post-war economic system is also referred to as the Bretton Woods System.
• The IMF and World Bank began their operations in 1947. Western industrial powers controlled the decision-making in these institutions. The US had an effective veto right over key decisions made by these institutions.
• The Bretton Woods System was based on fixed exchange rate for currencies. The dollar was anchored to gold at a fixed price of $35 per ounce of gold. Other currencies were linked to dollar at fixed rates.

'Coming together' Federation: It is a federation in which several independent states come together on their own to form bigger unit , so that by pooling sovereignty and retaining identify, they can increase their security. It includes the USA, Switzerland and Australia. 'Holding together' Federation: It is a federation in which a large country decides to divide its power between the constitution states and the national government. It includes India, Spain and Belgium.

HOLDING TOGETHER FEDERATION. 1.Such a federation is formed by a large country that decides to divides its power between the constituent states and the national government. 2. When the central government is more powerful than the states. Often states has unequal powers.Some units are granted special powers. 3. EXAMPLE .India ,spain COMING TOGETHER FEDERATION 1.such federation is formed by the independent states coming together on their own. They unite to strengthen their sovereignty ,retain their identity and increase their security. 2. All states have equal power and are strong than the central government . 3. EXAMPLE .USA, Australia

Globalisation is a process by which the whole workd become a single market. IMPACTS 1. The impact of Globalisation on indian agricultural is not positive .The agriculture sector in india has been badly affected by the Globalisation. 2 . Indian agriculture has been hit hard due to foreign competition. 3. The liberalization of foreign trade and investment in India was supoorted by some very powerful international organization . WTO is one such organisation whose aim is to liberalise international trade .But inpractice it iis seen that the developed countries have unfairly retained trade barriees example on agricultural products. 4. More than 60 percent of indian population is still engaged in agriculture sector while in the US the share of this sectir in total employment is a tiny 0.5 percent .yet , this very small percentage of people in the US recueves massive sums of money from US government for production and for export to other countries. 5.That 's why , US farmers can sell the fsrm products at abnormally low prices that adversely affect farmers in the countrieslike India.

West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra etc,. Produce rice

Up

The US got involved in war in vietnam because it feared communist gaining power in vietnam . After the national liberation front (NLF) , formed a coalition with the Ho chi minh government in the north .Us policy plannes that the victory of Ho chi minh government would start a domino effect communist government would.be established in other countries area.

Chittaranjan Das (C. R. DAS) was the founder of Swaraj Party and Motilal Nehru is the Secretary.

Different machineries and raw materials are supplied through roads, ships, motors, buses, trains, aero planes to industries. It shows that transport system of a country affects economic development of a country in different manner.  Transport system helps to send raw materials, fuel and machineries to different industries at right time and runs the industry. It helps to raise the production of raw materials, fuels and machineries etc. by providing market to it. It widens the size of the market. Transport system is regarded as a strong pillar to protect the people from the difficulties of war, natural calamities and other problems. A developed transport system is necessary to send necessary helps to the affected people during the period of natural calamities.

Railways

Roadways

Waterways

Airways

Hanoi is Vietnam's capital and second largest city by population.

‘Accordion book’ was the traditional book of China.
It was folded and stitched at the side. This book was hand printed. Two features of hand printing in China
(i) From AD 594, books in China were printed by rubbing paper against the linked surface of woodblocks.
(ii) Superbly skilled craftsmen could duplicate with remarkable accuracy, the beauty of calligraphy.

Advantages of the Napoleonic code are:-
. Established equality before law.
. Abolished all privileges based on birth.
. Simplified administrative divisions.
. Granted the right to property to French citizens.
. Abolished feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom.
. Eliminated restrictions on guilds in town.
. Made efforts to improve transport and communication.

Economic liberalization (or economic liberalisation) is the lessening of government regulations and restrictions in an economy in exchange for greater participation by private entities; the doctrine is associated with classical liberalism.

Udharvadi

ORGANISED
1. this sector is registered. 
2. terms of employment are regular.
3.this sector follow various laws such as factors act , minimum wages act.
4.this sector includes banks hospital school. 
UNORGANIZED 
1. this sector is not registered 
2. terms of employment are not regular 
3.this sector not follow various laws 
4. this sector includes small scale jobs

1) Though WTO is supposed to allow free trade for all, WTO rules have forced the developing countries to remove trade barriers due to which Indian agriculture has not benefitted much.
2) MNCs have increased their investments in India over the past 20 years, creating new jobs and ancillary industries.
3) Several of the top Indian companies have been able to benefit by investing in newer technology and production methods and raising their production standards.
4) Large Indian companies to emerge as multinationals themselves.
5) New opportunities for companies providing services, particularly those involving IT have been created. A host of services such as data entry, accounting, administrative tasks, engineering are now being done cheaply in India.

1) Banks keep a small proportion of their deposits as cash with themselves to pay the depositors who might come to withdraw money from the bank on any given day.

2) Banks use the major portion of the deposits to extend loans. In this way, banks mediate between those who have surplus funds (the depositors) those who are in need of these funds (the borrowers). Banks charge a higher interest rate on loans than what they offer on deposits. The difference between what is charged from borrowers and what is paid to depositors is their main source of income.

Steps to clean up London :
(i) Attempts were made to decongest localities.
(ii) To have more green spaces or green belts.
(iii) To adopt measures to prevent or reduce pollution.
(iv) Landscaping the city by planting more trees and plants. Planning poor people’s houses, etc

2 marks kam ayenge matlab isme marks hote h

Everything aarohi.... Kuch chodogi too marks tmhare Kam aenge....

1st n 3rd

Nationalism in india..... I think..... :)